scholarly journals Hole delocalization as a driving force for charge pair dissociation in organic photovoltaics

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1050-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Matheson ◽  
Arvydas Ruseckas ◽  
Scott J. Pearson ◽  
Ifor D. W. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Polymer Chains

Hole polaron delocalization on polymer chains helps charge separation by lowering the free energy of the spatially separated charge pair.

scholarly journals The binding energy and dynamics of charge-transfer states in organic photovoltaics with low driving force for charge separation

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (10) ◽  
pp. 104704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Dong ◽  
Hyojung Cha ◽  
Jiangbin Zhang ◽  
Ernest Pastor ◽  
Pabitra Shakya Tuladhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Driving Force

The effect of excluded volume on polymer dispersant action

1975 ◽  
Vol 343 (1635) ◽  
pp. 427-442 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Effect ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Excluded Volume ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Excluded Volume Effects ◽  
Adsorbed Polymer ◽  
Polymer Distribution ◽  
Dimensional Equation

Polymer-stabilized colloid particles are modelled theoretically by plane surfaces on to which polymer chains are adsorbed by one end only. Interactions between segments of the polymer are treated as an excluded volume effect. It is shown that for high surface densities the polymer distribution function exactly satisfies a one dimensional equation which is solved numerically for two values of excluded volume to give the polymer segment density distributions and the free energy of interaction for various separations of the plane surfaces. It is found that a positive value of excluded volume greatly increases the repulsive free energy compared with that for chains with zero excluded volume, particularly at large separation distances of the surfaces. Excluded volume effects must therefore play an important part in the stabilization of colloids by adsorbed polymer.

Morphology of wetting reactions of SnPb alloys on Cu as a function of alloy composition

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Liu ◽  
K. N. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Side Band ◽  
Intermetallic Compound Formation ◽  
Pure Sn

We have investigated the wetting angle, side band growth, and intermetallic compound formation of seven SnPb alloys on Cu ranging from pure Sn to pure Pb. The wetting angle has a minimum near the middle composition and increases toward pure Sn and pure Pb, but the side band growth has a maximum near the middle composition. The intermetallic compounds formed are Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn for the eutectic and high-Sn alloys, yet for the high-Pb alloys, only Cu3Sn can be detected. While no intermetallic compound forms between Cu and pure Pb, the latter nevertheless wets the former with an angle of 115°. The driving force of a wetting reaction, which may be affected by the free energy gain in compound formation, is discussed by assuming that rate of compound formation is fast.

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