scholarly journals Process analysis of solar steam reforming of methane for producing low-carbon hydrogen

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 12582-12597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enkhbayar Shagdar ◽  
Bachirou Guene Lougou ◽  
Yong Shuai ◽  
Enkhjin Ganbold ◽  
Ogugua Paul Chinonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Steam Reforming Of Methane

Integrating solar thermal energy into conventional SRM technology is a promising approach for low-carbon hydrogen production based on fossil fuel in near and midterm.

Solar Hydrogen Production Integrating Low-Grade Solar Thermal Energy and Methanol Steam Reforming

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Hong ◽  
Qibin Liu ◽  
Hongguang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Methanol Decomposition ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Methanol Steam Reforming ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
Solar Hydrogen Production

In this paper, a novel approach of middle-temperature solar hydrogen production using methanol steam reforming is proposed. It can be carried out at around 200–300°C, much lower than the temperatures of other solar thermochemical hydrogen production. For the realization of the proposed solar hydrogen production, solar experiments are investigated in a modified 5 kW solar receiver/reactor with one-tracking parabolic trough concentrators. The feature of significantly upgrading the energy level from lower-grade solar thermal energy to higher-grade chemical energy is experimentally identified. The interaction between the hydrogen yield and the energy-level upgrade of solar thermal energy is clarified. Also, this kind of solar hydrogen production is experimentally compared with methanol decomposition. The preliminarily economic evaluation of the hydrogen production is identified. As a result, in the solar-driven steam reforming, the thermochemical efficiency of solar thermal energy converted into chemical energy reached up to 40–50% under a mean solar flux of 550–700 W/m2, and exceeding 90% of hydrogen production is achieved, with about 70% higher than that of methanol decomposition. The thermochemical performance of solar-driven methanol steam reforming experimentally examined at around 200–300°C for hydrogen production may be competitive with conventional methane reforming. The promising results obtained here indicate that the proposed solar hydrogen production may provide the possibility of a synergetic process of both high production of hydrogen and effective utilization of solar thermal energy at around 200–300°C.

H2 Generation by Two-Step Water Splitting With CeO2-MOx Using Concentrated Solar Thermal Energy

Solar Energy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kaneko ◽  
Hideyuki Ishihara ◽  
Takao Miura ◽  
Hiromitsu Nakajima ◽  
Noriko Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
H2 Generation ◽  
Solar Hydrogen Production

CeO2-MOx (M = Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu) reactive ceramics, having high melting points and high conductivities of O2−, were synthesized with the combustion method from their nitrates for solar hydrogen production. The prepared CeO2-MOx samples were solid solutions between CeO2 and MOx with the fluorite structure through XRD. Two-step water splitting reactions with CeO2-MOx reactive ceramics proceeded at 1573–1773K for the O2 releasing step and at 1273K for the H2 generation step by irradiation of infrared imaging furnace as a solar simulator. The amounts of O2 evolved in the O2 releasing reaction with CeO2-MOx and CeO2 systems increased with the increase of the reaction temperature. The amounts of H2 evolved in the H2 generation reaction with CeO2-MOx systems except for M = Cu were more than that of CeO2 system after the O2 releasing reaction at the temperatures of 1673 and 1773K. The largest amount of H2 was generated with CeO2-NiO after the O2 releasing reaction at 1573, 1673 and 1773K. The O2 releasing reaction at 1673K and H2 generation reaction at 1273K with CeO2-Fe2O3 were repeated four times with the evolving of O2 (1.3cm3/g-sample) and H2 (2.3cm3/g-sample) gases, respectively. The possibility of solar hydrogen production with CeO2-MOx (M = Mn, Fe, Ni) reactive ceramics system by using concentrated solar thermal energy was suggested.

scholarly journals Application of Solar Thermal Energy for Medium Temperature Heating in Automobile Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2 (S)) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Anagha Pathak ◽  
Kiran Deshpande ◽  
Sandesh Jadkar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Medium Temperature

There is a huge potential to deploy solar thermal energy in process heat applications in industrial sectors. Around 50 % of industrial heat demand is less than 250 °C which can be addressed through solar energy. The heat energy requirement of industries like automobile, auto ancillary, metal processing, food and beverages, textile, chemical, pharmaceuticals, paper and pulp, hospitality, and educational institutes etc. can be partially met with solar hybridization based solutions. The automobile industry is one of the large consumers of fossil fuel energy in the world. The automobile industry is major economic growth driver of India and has its 60 % fuel dependence on electricity and remaining on oil based products. With abundant area available on roof top, and need for medium temperature operation makes this sector most suitable for substitution of fossil fuel with renewable solar energy. Auto sector has requirement of heat in the temperature range of 80-140 oC or steam up to 2 bar pressure for various processes like component washing, degreasing, drying, boiler feed water preheating, LPG vaporization and cooling. This paper discusses use of solar energy through seamless integration with existing heat source for a few processes involved in automobile industries. Integration of the concentrated solar thermal technology (CST) with the existing heating system is discussed with a case study for commonly used processes in auto industry such as component washing, degreasing and phosphating. The present study is undertaken in a leading automobile plant in India. Component cleaning, degreasing and phosphating are important processes which are carried out in multiple water tanks of varying temperatures. Temperatures of tanks are maintained by electrical heaters which consumes substantial amount of electricity. Non-imaging solar collectors, also known as compound parabolic concentrators (CPC) are used for generation of hot water at required process temperature. The CPC are non-tracking collectors which concentrate diffuse and beam radiation to generate hot water at required temperature. The solar heat generation plant consists of CPC collectors, circulation pump and water storage tank with controls. The heat gained by solar collectors is transferred through the storage tank to the process. An electric heater is switched on automatically when the desired temperature cannot be reached during lower radiation level or during non-sunny hours/days. This solar heating system is designed with CPC collectors that generate process heating water as high as 90OC. It also seamlessly integrates with the existing system without compromising on its reliability, while reducing electricity consumption drastically. The system is commissioned in April, 2013 and since then it has saved ~ 1,75,000 units of electricity/year and in turn 164 MT of emission of CO2 annually.

Use of Low/Mid-Temperature Solar Heat for Thermochemical Upgrading of Energy, Part I: Application to a Novel Chemically-Recuperated Gas-Turbine Power Generation (SOLRGT) System

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Noam Lior
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Overall Efficiency

This paper is the first part of a study presenting the concept of indirect thermochemical upgrading of low/mid temperature solar heat, and demonstration of its integration into a high efficiency novel hybrid power generation system. The proposed system consists of an intercooled chemically recuperated gas turbine (SOLRGT) cycle, in which the solar thermal energy collected at about 220 °C is first transformed into the latent heat of vapor supplied to a reformer and then via the reforming reactions to the produced syngas chemical exergy. The produced syngas is burned to provide high temperature working fluid to a gas turbine. The solar-driven steam production helps to improve both the chemical and thermal recuperation in the system. Using well established technologies including steam reforming and low/mid temperature solar heat collection, the hybrid system exhibits promising performance: the net solar-to-electricity efficiency, based on the gross solar thermal energy incident on the collector, was predicted to be 25–30%, and up to 38% when the solar share is reduced. In comparison to a conventional CRGT system, 20% of fossil fuel saving is feasible with the solar thermal share of 22%, and the system overall efficiency reaches 51.2% to 53.6% when the solar thermal share is increased from 11 to 28.8%. The overall efficiency is about 5.6%-points higher than that of a comparable intercooled CRGT system without solar assist. Production of NOx is near zero, and the reduction of fossil fuel use results in a commensurate ∼20% reduction of CO2 emissions. Comparison of the fuel-based efficiencies of the SOLRGT and a conventional commercial Combined Cycle (CC) shows that the efficiency of SOLRGT becomes higher than that of CC when the solar thermal fraction Xsol is above ∼14%, and since the SOLRGT system thus uses up to 12% less fossil fuel than the CC (within the parameter range of this study), it commensurately reduces CO2 emissions and saves depletable fossil fuel. An economic analysis of SOLRGT shows that the generated electricity cost by the system is about 0.06 $/kWh, and the payback period about 10.7 years (including 2 years of construction). The second part of the study is a separate paper (Part II) describing an advancement of this system guided by the exergy analysis of SOLRGT.

Use of Low/Mid-Temperature Solar Heat for Thermochemical Upgrading of Energy, With Application to a Novel Chemically-Recuperated Gas-Turbine Power Generation (SOLRGT) System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Noam Lior
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Heat ◽  
Overall Efficiency

This paper presents the concept of indirect thermochemical upgrading of low/mid temperature solar heat, and demonstration of its integration into a high efficiency novel hybrid power generation system. The proposed system consists of an intercooled chemically recuperated gas turbine (SOLRGT) cycle, in which the solar thermal energy collected at about 220°C is first transformed into the latent heat of vapor supplied to a reformer and then via the reforming reactions to the produced syngas chemical exergy. The produced syngas is burned to provide high temperature working fluid to a gas turbine. The solar-driven steam production helps to improve both the chemical and thermal recuperation in the system. Using well established technologies including steam reforming and low/mid temperature solar heat collection, the hybrid system exhibits promising performance: the net solar-to-electricity efficiency, based on the gross solar thermal energy incident on the collector, was predicted to be 25–30%, and it can reach up to 35% when the solar share is reduced. In comparison to conventional CRGT system, 30% of fossil fuel saving is feasible with the solar thermal share of 26%, and the system overall efficiency reaches 51.2% to 53.6% when the solar thermal share is increased from 11 to 28.8%. The overall efficiency is about 5.7%-points higher than that of a comparable intercooled CRGT system without solar assist. Due to the introduction of steam into the combustion chamber, production of NOx is near zero, and the reduction of fossil fuel use results in a commensurate 23% reduction of CO2 emissions as compared with the comparable intercooled CRGT system without solar assist.

scholarly journals A Solar–Thermal-Assisted Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage System and Its Efficiency Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotao Chen ◽  
Tong Zhang ◽  
Xiaodai Xue ◽  
Laijun Chen ◽  
Qingsong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy

Adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES) is an effective balancing technique for the integration of renewables and peak-shaving due to the large capacity, high efficiency, and low carbon use. Increasing the inlet air temperature of turbine and reducing the compressor power consumption are essential to improving the efficiency of A-CAES. This paper proposes a novel solar–thermal-assisted A-CAES system (ST-CAES), which features a higher inhale temperature of the turbine to improve the system efficiency. Solar–thermal energy, as an external thermal source, can alleviate the inadequate temperature of the thermal energy storage (TES), which is constrained by the temperature of the exhaust air of the compressor. Energy and exergy analyses were performed to identify ST-CAES performance, and the influence of key parameters on efficiency were studied. Furthermore, exergy efficiency and the destruction ratio of each component of ST-CAES were investigated. The results demonstrate that electricity storage efficiency, round-trip efficiency, and exergy efficiency can reach 70.2%, 61%, and 50%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed system has promising prospects in cities with abundant solar resources owing to its high efficiency and the ability to jointly supply multiple energy needs.

scholarly journals Modern Eminence and Concise Critique of Solar Thermal Energy and Vacuum Insulation Technologies for Sustainable Low-Carbon Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Saim Memon ◽  
Takao Katsura ◽  
Ali Radwan ◽  
Shanwen Zhang ◽  
Ahmed A. Serageldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Vacuum Insulation
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