A milk-derived pentapeptide reduces blood pressure in advanced hypertension in a CCK system-dependent manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 9489-9494
Author(s):  
Daiki Koyama ◽  
Masaki Sasai ◽  
Shigenobu Matsumura ◽  
Kazuo Inoue ◽  
Kousaku Ohinata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Hypotensive Drugs

Orally administered KFWGK exhibits potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effects in SHR with advanced hypertension, at which known hypotensive drugs are sometimes less effective. The minimum effective dose of KFWGK was 5 μg kg−1.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of the metformin-mazindol anorectic combination in rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291
Author(s):  
Federico Argüelles-Tello ◽  
José Eduardo Roa-Coria ◽  
Ángel Zúñiga-Romero ◽  
Juan Carlos Huerta-Cruz ◽  
Geovanna Nalley Quiñonez-Bastidas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Interaction Index ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Anorectic Effect ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractThe current study investigates the anorectic interaction and safety of the mazindol-metformin combination in rats. Isobologram and interaction index were used to determine anorectic interaction between mazindol and metformin in the sweetened milk model. The safety profile of the mazindol-metformin combination was determined by measuring anxiety, blood pressure, hematic biometry and blood chemistry. An acute dose of mazindol and metformin administered per os, individually or as a mixture, has reduced the milk consumption in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Theoretical effective dose 40 (ED40t) did not differ from the experimental effective dose 40 (ED40e) obtained with the mazindol-metformin mixture in the anorexia experiments, by Student′s t-test. In addition, the interaction index confirmed the additive anorectic effect between both drugs. A single oral dose of ED40e mazindol-metformin mixture induced anxiolysis in the elevated plus-maze test. Moreover, oral administration of mazindol-metformin combination for 3 months significantly decreased glycemia, but not blood pressure nor other parameters of hematic biometry and blood chemistry. Results suggest that mazindol-metformin combination exerts an additive anorectic effect, as well as anxiolytic and hypoglycemic properties. Mazindol-metformin combination might be useful in obese patients with anxiety disorders or diabetes risk factors.

scholarly journals On the Methods of Standardising Suprarenal Preparations

1906 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Satisfactory Method

SUMMARYFor the standardisation of adrenalin preparations.(a) The colorimetric method is not reliable with weak or impure solutions.(b) The effect on the pupil of the frog's eye gives uncertain results.(c) The determination of the minimum effective dose on the arterioles of the perfused frog is tedious and uncertain; on an average 0·1 per million produces an effect.(d) The determination of the minimum effective dose in causing a rise on the blood pressure of the atropinised rabbit yields fairly satisfactory results.(e) Adrenalin, suprarenalin, and hemisine all give a precisely similar result, 0·0003 mg. per kilo of body weight, or 0·006 per million, of the rabbit's blood causing a distinct rise in the blood pressure in the rabbit, and 0·012 mg. per kilo of body weight, or 0·24 per million, of the blood causing a rise in the cat.(f) The most satisfactory method is the determination of the dose just sufficient to antagonise 0·6 mg. of nitroglycerin (Parke, Davis & Co.). Of adrenalin, 0·0075 mg. is sufficient.I wish to express my indebtedness to Dr Noël Paton for much help in the preparation of this paper.The expenses of this research were defrayed from a grant made to the Laboratory by Mr J. Francis Mason for investigations on the physiology of the ductless glands.

INHIBITION BY INDOMETHACIN OF OVULATION INDUCED BY HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN IMMATURE RATS PRIMED WITH PREGNANT MARE SERUM GONADOTROPHIN

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAHIDE MORI ◽  
HEIGO KOHDA ◽  
YASUSHI KINOSHITA ◽  
YOJIRO EZAKI ◽  
NORIHIKO MORIMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Treatment of immature rats with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin followed by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) caused an acute and temporary increase in concentrations of progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol in plasma with maximum levels 3 h after the administration of HCG. Concurrent injection of indomethacin and HCG reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the mean number of ova shed and this was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease in concentrations of plasma progesterone and testosterone but not of oestradiol when they were measured 3 h after the injection of HCG. The minimum effective dose that blocked ovulation completely at 0 h abolished the acute increase of progesterone and testosterone, suggesting that prostaglandins act on ovulation by stimulating steroidogenesis at an early stage in the preovulatory process. The anti-ovulatory action of the minimum effective dose at 0 h became progressively less potent as the time between injection of HCG and administration of indomethacin was increased, although plasma concentrations of progesterone and testosterone measured at autopsy 18 h after treatment with HCG had not changed appreciably. When indomethacin was administered 10 h after HCG, the relationship between the dose of indomethacin and the mean number of ova differed from that observed when simultaneous injections of indomethacin and HCG were given, and the minimum effective dose that prevented ovulation was much higher than that at 0 h, suggesting that prostaglandins act differently on ovulation in the later stage of the preovulatory process. It was concluded that prostaglandins may mediate the action of HCG on ovulation through two mechanisms which operate at different stages of the preovulatory process.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure-Lowering Effect of Wine Lees Phenolic Compounds Is Mediated by Endothelial-Derived Factors: Role of Sirtuin 1

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Raúl López-Fernández-Sobrino ◽  
Jorge R. Soliz-Rueda ◽  
Javier Ávila-Román ◽  
Anna Arola-Arnal ◽  
Manuel Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering Effect ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
Endothelial Gene Expression

The antihypertensive effect of wine lees powder (WLPW) from a Cabernet grape variety was related to its high content in flavanols and anthocyanins compounds. This study investigates the involvement of endothelial-derived factors and SIRT1 in its bioactivity. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were orally administered water or WLPW (125 mg/kg bw). Posteriorly, both groups were intraperitoneally administered saline, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide (NO) synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, a prostacyclin synthesis inhibitor, or sirtinol, an inhibitor of sirtuins. Blood pressure (BP) was recorded before and 6 h after WLPW administration. In an additional experiment, SHR were administered water or WLPW and endothelial expressions of eNos, Sirt1, Nox4, and Et1 were determined. The BP-lowering properties of WLPW were abolished by L-NAME and partially reduced by indomethacin, demonstrating that WLPW antihypertensive effect was mediated by changes in NO availability, although prostacyclin also contributed to this activity. Moreover, BP-lowering effect was reduced by sirtinol, indicating that WLPW decreased BP in a SIRT1-dependent manner. Furthermore, WLPW upregulated eNos and Sirt1 and downregulated Nox4 and Et1 endothelial gene expression. These results evidence the vasoprotective effect of WLPW and show that its antihypertensive effect in SHR is endothelium dependent and mediated by SIRT1.

A two-stage Bayesian adaptive design for minimum effective dose (MinED)-based dosing-finding trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 106504
Author(s):  
Rongji Mu ◽  
Guoying Xu ◽  
Guanfu Liu ◽  
Haitao Pan
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Adaptive Design ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Bayesian Adaptive Design

The minimum effective dose of praziquantel in treatment of Hymenolepis diminuta in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Fan ◽  
A. Ito
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Faecal Examination ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractTo determine the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against Hymenolepis diminuta in rats, 5.0 mg/kg, 2.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, or 0.05 mg/kg praziquantel were given to each of five experimentally infected rats in six groups. Faecal samples from each rat were examined for worms on day 10. Based on the results of faecal examination and autopsy, the minimum effective dose of praziquantel against Hymenolepis diminuta in rats was determined to be 0.5 mg/kg.

Choosing the drug to treat hypertension

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 77-79
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Drug Combination ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Hypotensive Drugs ◽  
The Many

In most patients with sustained elevation of blood pressure the diagnosis is that of essential hypertension. With the many hypotensive drugs now available, it may be difficult to decide which drug, or drug combination, should be given to a particular patient. The decision is particularly important because treatment is usually life-long and the aim is to find an effective drug regime which suits the patient and produces minimal unwanted effects.

Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radiopharmaceutical agents: The medical use of radioactive iodine (I-131) therapy for hyperthyroidism treatments.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnae WATLA ◽  
Mohamed LAHKIM ◽  
Mohamed Amine CHAD
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Aspect ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Iodine 131 ◽  
Radiopharmaceutical Agents

The treatment of hyperthyroidism with iodine-131 has been recognized on nuclear medicine as simple, effective and inexpensive, this kind of radiopharmaceutical is chosen by the majority of medical centers by administering a minimum effective dose enabling euthyroidism to be easily compensated as quickly as possible while avoiding radiation problems. In this mini_review, we are going to explain the diagnostic and therapeutic aspect of radiopharmaceuticals by taking an example of radioiodine I-131 and its role on hyperthyroidism treatment .

scholarly journals Presence of antioxidants and nitric-oxide precursors in Mimosa pudica extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Tapas Pramanik ◽  
Tapas Kumar Sur
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Blood Pressure Lowering ◽  
Pressure Lowering

Blood pressure lowering effect of Mimosa pudica induced by dieresis was reported earlier. As a diuretic it enhances urine outflow, decreases plasma volume, venous return; and thereby, reduce blood pressure. Besides the diuretic agent, some other blood pressure lowering substance may also be present in Mimosa pudica. Present study was undertaken to reveal the presence of antioxidants and nitrite in Mimosa pudica extract, which may help to reduce blood pressure. Methanolic extract of Mimosa pudica (using 80% methanol) was lyophilised to obtain dried Mimosa pudica Extract (MPE). For Total phenolic content estimation Folin’s method and for estimation of flavonoids, Aluminium chloride method were followed. The radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity were measured following standardised methods. Nitrite content of MPE at different dilutions (10-100 µl in methanol) was measured following standardised procedure keeping sodium nitrite as the standard. Present study noted presence of favonoids and phenolic compounds and also noted antioxidant property in the aforesaid extract that exhibited DPPH+ and superoxide scavenging activities. Besides that, this study also revealed formation of nitrites in the extract of Mimosa pudica in a dose dependent manner. Nitrite is the precursor of nitric oxide (NO). NO is a potent vasodilator that decreases blood pressure. Present study indicated the presence of both antioxidants and nitrites in Mimosa pudica extract; both of which have blood pressure lowering properties indicating it as a blood pressure lowering agent; and helpful in the maintenance of vascular health.

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