Heptose-containing bacterial natural products: structures, bioactivities, and biosyntheses

The species of the Culicoides genus are hematophagous, and some of them are vectors of important human and animal diseases. This group of insects is distributed worldwide, varying according to local species. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of specific species is crucial for the development and implementation of control strategies. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of Culicoides in the state of Alagoas in northeast Brazil. Midges were captured with CDC light traps, and their identification and morphological analyses were performed by the Ceratopogonidae Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ/CCER) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Morphological analyses were performed using the key to Culicoides from the guttatus group and comparison with other deposited specimens. DNA sequencing, genetic analysis and comparison with sequences in the Genbank database, confirmed the identification of the flies as Culicoides insignis. This was the first formal report of C. insignis being found in Alagoas.

Download Full-text

Aspects and Problems of Comparative Medicine: Need for Co-Operation Between Specialists in Human and Animal Diseases

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.2.3486.767 ◽

1927 ◽

Vol 2 (3486) ◽

pp. 767-771

Author(s):

J. B. Buxton

Keyword(s):

Animal Diseases ◽

Human And Animal Diseases ◽

Comparative Medicine

Download Full-text

Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors in evasion from innate immune defenses in human and animal diseases

Immunology Letters ◽

10.1016/j.imlet.2013.01.004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 150 (1-2) ◽

pp. 12-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

Alfonso Zecconi ◽

Federico Scali

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Animal Diseases ◽

Immune Defenses ◽

Human And Animal Diseases

Download Full-text

Control and Eradication of Human and Animal Diseases by Vaccination

Vaccinology ◽

10.1002/9781118638033.ch3 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 43-58

Author(s):

Nigel Bourne ◽

Gregg N. Milligan

Keyword(s):

Animal Diseases ◽

Human And Animal Diseases ◽

Control And Eradication

Download Full-text

A PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. lari, C. helveticus and C. upsaliensis

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.071498-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 659-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kazumasa Kamei ◽

Masahiro Asakura ◽

Srinuan Somroop ◽

Noritoshi Hatanaka ◽

Atsushi Hinenoya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽

Restriction Digestion ◽

Animal Diseases ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Rflp Assay ◽

Human And Animal Diseases

Although Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common bacterial causes of human gastrointestinal diseases, other Campylobacter species are also involved in human and animal infections. In this study, we developed a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. lari, C. helveticus and C. upsaliensis. Previously designed common primers, which can amplify the cdtB gene of C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus, were used for detecting seven Campylobacter species and differentiating between them by restriction digestion. The PCR-RFLP assay was validated with 277 strains, including 35 C. jejuni, 19 C. coli, 20 C. fetus, 24 C. hyointestinalis, 13 C. lari, 2 C. helveticus, 22 C. upsaliensis, 3 other Campylobacter spp. and 17 other species associated with human diseases. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-RFLP assay were 100 % except for C. hyointestinalis (88 % sensitivity). Furthermore, the PCR-RFLP assay successfully detected and differentiated C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus in clinical and animal samples. The results indicate that the PCR-RFLP assay is useful for the detection and differentiation of seven Campylobacter species important for human and animal diseases.

Download Full-text

Toxigenic clostridia.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.3.1.66 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 66-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 490

Author(s):

C L Hatheway

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Antigenic Protein ◽

Historical Aspects ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Animal Diseases ◽

Human And Animal Diseases ◽

Binary Toxins

Toxigenic clostridia belonging to 13 recognized species are discussed in this review. Each species or group of organisms is, in general, introduced by presenting the historical aspects of its discovery by early investigators of human and animal diseases. The diseases caused by each species or group are described and usually discussed in relation to the toxins involved in the pathology. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the organisms are described. Finally, the toxins produced by each organism are listed, with a presentation of their biological activities and physical and biochemical characteristics. The complete amino acid sequences for some are known, and some of the genes have been cloned. The term toxin is used loosely to include the various antigenic protein products of these organisms with biological and serological activities which have served as distinguishing characteristics for differentiation and classification. Some of these factors are not truly toxic and have no known role in pathogenicity. Some of the interesting factors common to more than one species or group are the following: neurotoxins, lethal toxins, lecithinases, oxygen-labile hemolysins, binary toxins, and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Problems in bacterial nomenclature and designation of biologically active factors are noted.

Download Full-text