scholarly journals Culicoides insignis Lutz, 1913 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges in Northeast of Brazil

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Raisa Rodrigues Santos Rios ◽  
Maria Clara Alves Santarém ◽  
Karlos Antônio Lisboa Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Breno Araujo de Melo ◽  
Sybelle Georgia Mesquita da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Human And Animal Diseases

The species of the Culicoides genus are hematophagous, and some of them are vectors of important human and animal diseases. This group of insects is distributed worldwide, varying according to local species. Knowledge of the geographic distribution of specific species is crucial for the development and implementation of control strategies. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of Culicoides in the state of Alagoas in northeast Brazil. Midges were captured with CDC light traps, and their identification and morphological analyses were performed by the Ceratopogonidae Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ/CCER) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Morphological analyses were performed using the key to Culicoides from the guttatus group and comparison with other deposited specimens. DNA sequencing, genetic analysis and comparison with sequences in the Genbank database, confirmed the identification of the flies as Culicoides insignis. This was the first formal report of C. insignis being found in Alagoas.

Heptose-containing bacterial natural products: structures, bioactivities, and biosyntheses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyan Guo ◽  
Yue Tang ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
Yihua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Human And Animal Diseases

Heptose-containing natural products hold great potential as drugs for the treatment of human and animal diseases.

The Living Disappeared

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Mariana Herrera Piñero ◽  
Eric Stover ◽  
Melina Tupa ◽  
Víctor B. Penchaszadeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
Missing Children ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Clandestine Graves ◽  
Psychosocial Challenges

This chapter tells the story of the Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo, or Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo, and their search for more than 500 grandchildren who were kidnapped by the Argentine military or born in captivity during military rule from 1976 to 1983. Most of the parents of these children were executed and buried in clandestine graves, while their children were given to childless military and civilian couples. Hope turned the Abuelas into detectives. Over many years, they examined thousands of pages of public documents, conducted stakeouts, and went undercover in their search for clues to the whereabouts of their missing grandchildren. But sleuthing was easy compared to convincing courts that the children they had located were biologically related to the grandparents who claimed them. In spring 1984, several foreign geneticists came to the aid of the Abuelas. Six months later, the first grandchild was identified on the basis of genetic analysis and returned to her grandmother. DNA sequencing soon followed, and in 1987, the Argentine Congress passed a law establishing the Banco Nacional de Datos Genéticos (National Genetic Data Bank), dedicated exclusively to identifying Argentina’s missing children. To date, 127 stolen children have been identified, most of them based on DNA analysis. While tracing this history, the chapter explores the scientific, legal, and psychosocial challenges that have arisen during the Abuelas’ search for their missing grandchildren.

scholarly journals Culicoides biting midges at the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa : research communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Labuschagne ◽  
L.J. Gerber ◽  
I. Espie ◽  
S. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Far East ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Research Communication ◽  
Culicoides Imicola ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Culicoides Biting Midges

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are responsible for the transmission of a large number of pathogens to livestock and wild animals. In this study the presence of the genus, using light traps based at four different sites within the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, was investigated during 2002-2004. In total, 37 species were recorded, including large numbers of Culicoides imicola Kieffer, 1913, which is responsible for the transmission of economically important arboviruses in South Africa, Europe, Middle and Far East. These results are discussed with reference to the wider Culicoides fauna in the Onderstepoort area of South Africa, their vector competence as well as biosecurity at the National Zoological Gardens.

scholarly journals Widespread co-endemicity of Trypanosoma species infecting cattle in the Sudano-Sahelian and Guinea Savannah zones of Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Archile Paguem ◽  
Babette Abanda ◽  
Dieudonné Ndjonka ◽  
Judith Sophie Weber ◽  
Sen Claudine Henriette Ngomtcho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Tsetse Control ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Clade C ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
Local Species

Abstract Background African animal trypanosomosis remains the major constraint of livestock production and livelihood of pastoral communities in Cameroon. Despite several decades of vector and parasite control efforts, it has not been eradicated. Alternative and sustainable control strategies require a sound knowledge of the local species, strains and vectors. In the Sudano-Sahelian and Guinea Savannah of Cameroon the prevalence and genetic diversity of trypanosomes infecting cattle was investigated by microscopy of cattle blood buffy coat and molecular methods using generic primers targeting parts of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) and encoded glycosomal glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase-gene (gGAPDH). Results A total of 1176 randomly chosen cattle from five divisions in the Sudano-Sahelian and Guinea Savannah of Cameroon were examined. The overall prevalence of trypanosomes by microscopy was 5.9% (56/953) in contrast to 53.2% (626/1176) when molecular tools were used. This indicated a limited sensitivity of microscopy in subclinical infections with frequently low parasitemia. Three trypanosome species were identified by light microscopy: T. vivax (2.3%), T. brucei (3.7%) and T. congolense (3.0%), whereas five were identified by PCR, namely T. grayi/T. theileri (30.8%), T. vivax (17.7%), T. brucei (14.5%) and T. congolense (5.1%). Unexpected cases of T. grayi (n = 4) and T. theileri (n = 26) were confirmed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the gGAPDH revealed the presence of T. vivax, clade A and T. vivax clade C, which were co-endemic in the Faro et Deo division. T. grayi/T. theileri were the predominant species infecting cattle in tsetse free areas. In contrast, T. vivax, T. brucei and T. congolense were more abundant in areas where the Glossina-vectors were present. Conclusions The abundance of pathogenic trypanosomes in tsetse infested areas is alarming and even more, the occurrence of T. vivax, T. brucei, T. congolense, T. theileri and T. grayi in tsetse-free areas implies that tsetse control alone is not sufficient to control trypanosomosis in livestock. To implement control measures that reduce the risk of spread in tsetse free areas, close monitoring using molecular tools and a thorough search for alternative vectors of trypanosomes is recommended.

scholarly journals A PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. lari, C. helveticus and C. upsaliensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Kamei ◽  
Masahiro Asakura ◽  
Srinuan Somroop ◽  
Noritoshi Hatanaka ◽  
Atsushi Hinenoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Cytolethal Distending Toxin ◽  
Restriction Digestion ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Rflp Assay ◽  
Human And Animal Diseases

Although Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common bacterial causes of human gastrointestinal diseases, other Campylobacter species are also involved in human and animal infections. In this study, we developed a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based PCR-RFLP assay for the detection and differentiation of C. jejuni, C. coli, C. fetus, C. hyointestinalis, C. lari, C. helveticus and C. upsaliensis. Previously designed common primers, which can amplify the cdtB gene of C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus, were used for detecting seven Campylobacter species and differentiating between them by restriction digestion. The PCR-RFLP assay was validated with 277 strains, including 35 C. jejuni, 19 C. coli, 20 C. fetus, 24 C. hyointestinalis, 13 C. lari, 2 C. helveticus, 22 C. upsaliensis, 3 other Campylobacter spp. and 17 other species associated with human diseases. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-RFLP assay were 100 % except for C. hyointestinalis (88 % sensitivity). Furthermore, the PCR-RFLP assay successfully detected and differentiated C. jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus in clinical and animal samples. The results indicate that the PCR-RFLP assay is useful for the detection and differentiation of seven Campylobacter species important for human and animal diseases.

scholarly journals Toxigenic clostridia.

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Hatheway
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antigenic Protein ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Human And Animal Diseases ◽  
Binary Toxins

Toxigenic clostridia belonging to 13 recognized species are discussed in this review. Each species or group of organisms is, in general, introduced by presenting the historical aspects of its discovery by early investigators of human and animal diseases. The diseases caused by each species or group are described and usually discussed in relation to the toxins involved in the pathology. Morphological and physiological characteristics of the organisms are described. Finally, the toxins produced by each organism are listed, with a presentation of their biological activities and physical and biochemical characteristics. The complete amino acid sequences for some are known, and some of the genes have been cloned. The term toxin is used loosely to include the various antigenic protein products of these organisms with biological and serological activities which have served as distinguishing characteristics for differentiation and classification. Some of these factors are not truly toxic and have no known role in pathogenicity. Some of the interesting factors common to more than one species or group are the following: neurotoxins, lethal toxins, lecithinases, oxygen-labile hemolysins, binary toxins, and ADP-ribosyltransferases. Problems in bacterial nomenclature and designation of biologically active factors are noted.

Genetic analysis of 13 STR loci in the population from the State of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edileine Dellalibera ◽  
Michele Lucy Bezerra Havro ◽  
Marcela Souza ◽  
Kazuo Kajihara ◽  
Luiz Mauricio-da-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Str Loci
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