The intrinsic hydrogen evolution performance of 2D molybdenum carbide

Abstract How to convert heat energy into other forms of usable energy more efficiently is always crucial for our human society. In traditional heat engines, such as the steam engine and the internal combustion engine, high-grade heat energy can be easily converted into mechanical energy, while a large amount of low-grade heat energy is usually wasted owing to its disadvantage in the temperature level. In this work, for the first time, the generation of mechanical energy from both high- and low-temperature steam is implemented by a hydrophilic polymer membrane. When exposed to water vapor with a temperature ranging from 50 to 100 °C, the membrane repeats rolling from one side to another. In nature, this continuously rolling of membrane is powered by the steam, like a miniaturized “steam engine”. The differential concentration of water vapor (steam) on the two sides of the membrane generates the asymmetric swelling, the curve, and the rolling of the membrane. In particular, results suggest that this membrane based “steam engine” can be powered by the steam with a relatively very low temperature of 50 °C, which indicates a new approach to make use of both the high- and low-temperature heat energy.

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Optical Constants and Exciton States in KCl Single Crystals. I. The Low Temperature Properties

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan ◽

10.1143/jpsj.22.463 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 463-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Tetsuhiko Tomiki

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Optical Constants

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Spin-Lattice Coupling and Peculiarities of Magnetic Behavior of Ferrimagnetic Ludwigites Mn0.52+M1.52+Mn3+BO5(M=Cu, Ni)

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.133 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 233-234 ◽

pp. 133-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Leonard Bezmaternykh ◽

Evgeniya Moshkina ◽

Evgeniy Eremin ◽

Maxim Molokeev ◽

Nikita Volkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temperature Field ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Magnetic Anisotropy ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Magnetic Behavior ◽

Temperature Hysteresis ◽

Spin Lattice ◽

Field Magnetization ◽

Lattice Coupling

Temperature-field and orientational magnetization dependences of single crystals were measured. Both samples demonstrate significant field-depending temperature hysteresis and low-temperature counter field magnetization. The correlation of orientational dependences of these effects and magnetic anisotropy is analyzed; the role of spin-lattice interactions is discussed.

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Magnetic Anisotropy in Single Crystals of Zn–Mn and Zn–Cr

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p74-233 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (18) ◽

pp. 1759-1764 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

F. T. Hedgcock ◽

S. Lenis ◽

P. L. Li ◽

J. O. Ström-Olsen ◽

E. F. Wassermann

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Magnetic Anisotropy ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Crystal Field ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Crystal Field Splitting ◽

High Magnetic Fields ◽

Field Splitting ◽

Chromium Ion

We have extended the low temperature magnetic anisotropy measurements on single crystals of zinc containing up to 600 p.p.m. manganese from magnetic fields of 9 to 56 kG. The crystal field splitting parameters determined at low magnetic fields also characterizes the magnetic anisotropy at high magnetic fields. Manganese–manganese interaction effects are observed in the magnetic anisotropy at manganese concentrations greater than 300 p.p.m. Low temperature magnetic anisotropy measurements on single crystals of zinc containing up to 164 p.p.m. chromium are reported and indicate a crystal field splitting of 0.16 K for the chromium ion.

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Anthracene fluorescence at low temperatures. I. Purified single crystals

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch9721411 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 25 (7) ◽

pp. 1411 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

LE Lyons ◽

LJ Warren

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Fluorescence Spectrum ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Free Exciton ◽

Deformation Bands ◽

Exciton Emission ◽

Polarized Emission ◽

Impurity Bands ◽

Phonon Structure

The low-temperature fluorescence spectrum of purified vapour-grown anthracene single crystals is presented and the free-exciton emission distinguished from a number of defect or impurity bands present even in the purest crystals. In assigning the observed bands the symmetry of the active vibrations and the origin of background fluorescence and deformation bands are discussed. The phonon structure in the region of the fluorescence origin was found to be almost completely b-polarized. Emission of electronic origin (25103 cm-1) was too weak to be observed. Polarization ratios of the principal vibronio bands at 5.6 K are given.

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