Oxidative Peptide Bond Formation of Glycine-Amino Acid using 2-(Aminomethyl)malononitrile as a Glycine Unit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yujiro Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Peptide Bond Formation ◽  
Amide Linkage

Amide linkage of glycine-amino acid was synthesized by coupling of substituted 2-(aminomethyl)malononitrile as a C-terminal glycine unit and N-terminal amine using CsOAc and O2 in aqueous solution. This is a...

scholarly journals Abstract P-29: Cryoem Study of the Inhibition of Bacterial Ribosomes by Madumycin II

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S24-S25
Author(s):  
Alena Yakusheva ◽  
Olga Shulenina ◽  
Evgeny Pichkur ◽  
Alena Paleskava ◽  
Alexander Myasnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Peptide Bond Formation ◽  
Peptidyl Transferase ◽  
Peptidyl Transferase Center ◽  
70S Ribosome ◽  
Madumycin Ii

Background: The efficiency of widely used antibiotics is limited by continuous improvement of resistance mechanisms. Thus, the research of poorly studied drugs that have not received practical use until now becomes relevant again. Protein translation is one of the major targets for antibiotics. Madumycin II (MADU) is an antibiotic of the streptogramin A class that binds to the peptidyl transferase center of the initiated bacterial 70S ribosome inhibiting the first cycle of peptide bond formation (I.A. Osterman et al. Nucleic Acids Res., 2017). The ability of MADU to interfere with translating ribosome is an open question that we address by investigation of high-resolution cryo-EM structures of MADU bound 70S ribosome complexes from Escherichia coli. Methods: Purified initiated and translating ribosome complexes preincubated with MADU were applied onto freshly glow discharged carbon-coated grids (Quantifoil R 1.2/1.3) and flash-frozen in the liquid ethane pre-cooled by liquid nitrogen in the Vitrobot Mark IV. Frozen grids were transferred into an in-house Titan Krios microscope. Data were collected using EPU software. Movie stacks were preprocessed in Warp software. For image processing, we have used several software packages: Relion 3.1, CryoSPARC, and CisTEM. The model was built in Coot. Results: We have obtained high-resolution cryo-EM structures of two ribosomal complexes with MADU before and after the first cycle of peptide bond formation with an average resolution of 2.3 Å. Preliminary analysis of the structures shows no major differences in the MADU binding mode to the ribosomal complexes under study suggesting that the quantity of amino acid residues attached to the P-site tRNA does not impact MADU bonding. Moreover, in both cases, we observed similar destabilization of the CCA-ends of A- and P-site tRNAs underlining the comparable influence of MADU on the ribosomal complexes. Conclusion: Our results suggest that although MADU binding site is located in the peptidyl transferase center, the presence of the second amino acid residue on the P-site tRNA does not preclude antibiotic binding. We assume that further elongation of the polypeptide chain would not have any impact either. High conformational lability of the CCA-ends of tRNA at the A and P sites upon binding of MADU obviously plays an important role in the inhibition mechanism of the bacterial ribosome. The further structural and biochemical analysis will be necessary to shed more light on the detailed mechanism of MADU action.

Post-microsomal fractions from rat brain which stimulate ribosomal amino acid incorporation

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. V. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Sucrose Density Gradient ◽  
Peptide Bond Formation ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Transfer Rnas ◽  
Complete Inactivation ◽  
Acid Incorporation

Post-microsomal fractions from rat brain were prepared which stimulated the synthesis of protein when endogenous mRNA was available and enhanced the synthesis of polyphenylalanine in the presence of poly-U and monomeric ribosomes. The amino-acid-activating (or transfer) enzymes did not appear to be responsible for the observed effect since the reaction mixture contained sufficient amounts of these enzymes to permit an optimum rate of amino acid incorporation. The effect was not solely due to the presence of messenger or amino acid transfer RNAs since the activity of the fractions was only partly reduced by prior treatment with ribonuclease. Heating led to complete inactivation of the fractions. Results from amino-acid-incorporation experiments and from sucrose density-gradient centrifugations indicate that the effect might be produced at two levels, one at the level of formation or preservation of polyribosomal structure and the other possibly at the level of peptide bond formation.

scholarly journals MONITORED AMINOLYSIS OF 3-ACYL-l,3-THIAZ0LIDINE-2-THI0NE WITH AMINO ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVE: PEPTIDE BOND FORMATION, CHEMOSELECTIVE ACYLATION, AND BRIDGING REACTION

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimitsu Nagao ◽  
Tadayo Miyasaka ◽  
Kaoru Seno ◽  
Masahiro Yagi ◽  
Eiichi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Peptide Bond Formation ◽  
Chemoselective Acylation
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