Viscosity measurements on fused salts. Part 1.—Theoretical principles of the oscillating hollow cylinder method

To avoid slag sticking onto the snorkel during CAS-OB ladle refining process, B2O3-CaO(mass ratio equals 1:1) and CaF2-CaO(mass ratio equals 1:1) were respectively employed as modifiers added to decrease the viscosity of ladle slag. The rotary cylinder method was adopted in the viscosity measurements. The results showed that the modifiers could decrease the viscosity of ladle refining slag remarkably. At 1500°C, the viscosity of ladle slag without any modifiers is about 6.0 Pa·s. But by adding more than 10mass% CaO-B2O3 or CaO-CaF2, the slag viscosity at 1500°C could be decreased lower than 1.0 Pa·s. The mechanism of modifiers decreasing the slag viscosity was analyzed.

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The "Hollow Cylinder" Method for Surface Tension Measurements.

Acta Chemica Scandinavica ◽

10.3891/acta.chem.scand.24-3072 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 3072-3073 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bjørn Lillebuen ◽

Antti Kivinen ◽

Kari Hanste ◽

P. Karrer ◽

Akira Shimizu

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Hollow Cylinder ◽

Cylinder Method

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Viscosity measurements on fused salts. Part 2.—Some alkali and alkaline earth chlorides

Transactions of the Faraday Society ◽

10.1039/tf9656102305 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 61 (0) ◽

pp. 2305-2311 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. D. Reeves ◽

G. J. Janz

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Earth ◽

Viscosity Measurements ◽

Fused Salts ◽

Alkaline Earth Chlorides

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Radial mass analysis of unstained STEM images of molluscan hemocyanins

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100161618 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 810-811

Author(s):

M.G. Hamilton ◽

T.T. Herskovits ◽

J.S. Wall

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Hollow Cylinder ◽

Electron Micrographs ◽

Side View ◽

Mass Analysis ◽

Mass Measurements ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopic ◽

Microscopic Studies

The hemocyanins of molluscs are aggregates of a cylindrical decameric subparticle that assembles into di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and larger multi-decameric particles with masses that are multiples of the 4.4 Md decamer. Electron micrographs of these hemocyanins typically show the particles with two profiles: circular representing the cylinder viewed from the end and rectangular representing the side-view of the hollow cylinder.The model proposed by Mellema and Klug from image analysis of a didecameric hemocyanin with the two decamers facing one another with collar (closed) ends outward fits the appearance of side-views of the negatively-stained cylinders. These authors also suggested that there might be caps at the ends. In one of a series of transmission electron microscopic studies of molluscan hemocyanins, Siezen and Van Bruggen supported the Mellema-Klug model, but stated that they had never observed a cap component. With STEM we have tested the end cap hypothesis by direct mass measurements across the end-views of unstained particles.

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