scholarly journals Genome editing – a technology in time for plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunghwa Choe
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Dna Delivery ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
Foreign Dna

A tool for safe and site-specific mutagenesis has long been sought by plant biochemists. The recent emergence of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) genome-editing technology addresses this need. Using this technology, the lettuce genome was recently edited without the use of conventional Agrobacterium-mediated DNA delivery. As this method does not leave a trace of foreign DNA in the plant genome, it promises to advance the field of plant biotechnology for genetically modified organisms (GMOs) without the burden of costly de-regulation processes.

Model Studies on the Detectability of Genetically Modified Feeds in Milk

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. POMS ◽  
W. HOCHSTEINER ◽  
K. LUGER ◽  
J. GLÖSSL ◽  
H. FOISSY
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Dna Transfer ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Foreign Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Organically Grown ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Detecting the use of genetically modified feeds in milk has become important, because the voluntary labeling of milk and dairy products as “GMO free” or as “organically grown” prohibits the employment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The aim of this work was to investigate whether a DNA transfer from foodstuffs like soya and maize was analytically detectable in cow's milk after digestion and transportation via the bloodstream of dairy cows and, thus, whether milk could report for the employment of transgene feeds. Blood, milk, urine, and feces of dairy cows were examined, and foreign DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction by specifically amplifying a 226-bp fragment of the maize invertase gene and a 118-bp fragment of the soya lectin gene. An intravenous application of purified plant DNA showed a fast elimination of marker DNA in blood or its reduction below the detection limit. With feeding experiments, it could be demonstrated that a specific DNA transfer from feeds into milk was not detectable. Therefore, foreign DNA in milk cannot serve as an indicator for the employment of transgene feeds unless milk is directly contaminated with feed components or airborne feed particles.

scholarly journals Maize Transformation: From Plant Material to the Release of Genetically Modified and Edited Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Erika de Carvalho Teixeira Yassitepe ◽  
Viviane Cristina Heinzen da Silva ◽  
José Hernandes-Lopes ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Dante ◽  
Isabel Rodrigues Gerhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Editing ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Genetically Modified Maize ◽  
Maize Transformation ◽  
Maize Varieties

Over the past decades, advances in plant biotechnology have allowed the development of genetically modified maize varieties that have significantly impacted agricultural management and improved the grain yield worldwide. To date, genetically modified varieties represent 30% of the world’s maize cultivated area and incorporate traits such as herbicide, insect and disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, high yield, and improved nutritional quality. Maize transformation, which is a prerequisite for genetically modified maize development, is no longer a major bottleneck. Protocols using morphogenic regulators have evolved significantly towards increasing transformation frequency and genotype independence. Emerging technologies using either stable or transient expression and tissue culture-independent methods, such as direct genome editing using RNA-guided endonuclease system as an in vivo desired-target mutator, simultaneous double haploid production and editing/haploid-inducer-mediated genome editing, and pollen transformation, are expected to lead significant progress in maize biotechnology. This review summarises the significant advances in maize transformation protocols, technologies, and applications and discusses the current status, including a pipeline for trait development and regulatory issues related to current and future genetically modified and genetically edited maize varieties.

scholarly journals Genetically Modified Plants: Nutritious, Sustainable, yet Underrated

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (10) ◽  
pp. 2628-2634
Author(s):  
Kendal D Hirschi
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Controversial Topic ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Combating malnutrition is one of the greatest global health challenges. Plant-based foods offer an assortment of nutrients that are essential for adequate nutrition and can promote good health. Unfortunately, the majority of widely consumed crops are deficient in some of these nutrients. Biofortification is the umbrella term for the process by which the nutritional quality of food crops is enhanced. Traditional agricultural breeding approaches for biofortification are time consuming but can enhance the nutritional value of some foods; however, advances in molecular biology are rapidly being exploited to biofortify various crops. Globally, genetically modified organisms are a controversial topic for consumers and governmental agencies, with a vast majority of people apprehensive about the technology. Golden Rice has been genetically modified to contain elevated β-carotene concentrations and is the bellwether for both the promise and angst of agricultural biotechnology. Although there are numerous other nutritional targets of genetically biofortified crops, here I briefly summarize the work to elevate iron and folate concentrations. In addition, the possibility of using modified foods to affect the gut microbiota is examined. For several decades, plant biotechnology has measured changes in nutrient concentrations; however, the bioavailability of nutrients from many biofortified crops has not been demonstrated.

scholarly journals The Developing Country Reactions to Biomedical Techniques and Plant Biotechnology: The Tunisian Experience

2004 ◽  
Vol 2004 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fethi Tebourski ◽  
Amel Ben Ammar-Elgaaied
Keyword(s):  
Developing Country ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Techniques ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

In the present study we present the conditions offered to biotechnology development in Tunisia and we compare three main biotechnology applications which raise ethical and health problems: organ transplant, assisted reproductive techniques, and genetically modified organisms. We try to identify factors that have allowed success of the first two applications and failure of the latter. Conditions offered to biotechnology in other African countries are also discussed.

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