Regenerative effects of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries

Peripheral nerve injuries are a common occurrence affecting the nerves found outside the central nervous system. Complete nerve transections necessitate surgical re-anastomosis, and, in cases where there is a significant gap between the two ends of the injured nerve, bridging strategies are required to repair the defect. The current clinical gold standard is the nerve graft, but this has a number of limitations, including donor site morbidity. An active area of research is focused on developing other techniques to replace these grafts, by creating tubular nerve-guidance conduits from natural and synthetic materials, which are often supplemented with biological cues such as growth factors and regenerative cells. In the present short review, we focus on the use of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells and the possible mechanisms through which they may exert a positive influence on peripheral nerve regeneration, thereby enabling more effective nerve repair.

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Peripheral Nerve Injury: Principles for Repair and Regeneration

The Open Orthopaedics Journal ◽

10.2174/1874325001408010199 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 199-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Griffin M.F ◽

Malahias M ◽

Hindocha S ◽

Wasim S Khan

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Injury ◽

Nerve Repair ◽

Donor Site ◽

Donor Site Morbidity ◽

Biological Research ◽

Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽

Nerve Injuries ◽

Nerve Conduits ◽

Limb Trauma

Peripheral Nerve Injuries are one of the most common causes of hand dysfunction caused by upper limb trauma but still current management has remained suboptimal. This review aims to explain the traditional view of pathophysiology of nerve repair and also describe why surgical management is still inadequate in using the new biological research that has documented the changes that occur after the nerve injury, which, could cause suboptimal clinical outcomes. Subsequently presentation and diagnosis will be described for peripheral nerve injuries. When traditional surgical repair using end-to-end anastomosis is not adequate nerve conduits are required with the gold standard being the autologous nerve. Due to associated donor site morbidity and poor functional outcome documented with autologous nerve repair several new advancements for alternatives to bridge the gap are being investigated. We will summarise the new and future advancements of non-biological and biological replacements as well as gene therapy, which are being considered as the alternatives for peripheral nerve repair.

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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Different Germ Layer-Derived Adult Stem Cells in the Past Decade

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/2021/5586523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Yu Li ◽

Yuzuru Kamei ◽

Miki Kambe ◽

Katsumi Ebisawa ◽

Mayumi Oishi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Nervous System ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽

Adult Stem Cell ◽

Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽

Nerve Injuries ◽

The Past

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system. Although the peripheral nervous system has a higher regenerative ability than the central nervous system, delayed treatment is associated with disturbances in both distal sensory and functional abilities. Over the past decades, adult stem cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve injuries have drawn attention from researchers. This is because various stem cells can promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries by differentiating into neural-line cells, secreting various neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of in situ Schwann cells (SCs). This article reviewed research from the past 10 years on the role of stem cells in the repair of PNIs. We concluded that adult stem cell-based therapies promote the regeneration of PNI in various ways.

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Use of electrospinning to construct biomaterials for peripheral nerve regeneration

Reviews in the Neurosciences ◽

10.1515/revneuro-2016-0032 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 761-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Qi Quan ◽

Biao Chang ◽

Hao Ye Meng ◽

Ruo Xi Liu ◽

Yu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Nerve Repair ◽

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽

Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽

Nerve Injuries ◽

New Process ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Innovative Techniques

AbstractA number of limitations associated with the use of hollow nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) require further discussion. Most importantly, the functional recovery outcomes after the placement of hollow NGCs are poor even after the successful bridging of peripheral nerve injuries. However, nerve regeneration scaffolds built using electric spinning have several advantages that may improve functional recovery. Thus, the present study summarizes recent developments in this area, including the key cells that are combined with the scaffold and associated with nerve regeneration, the structure and configuration of the electrospinning design (which determines the performance of the electrospinning scaffold), the materials the electrospinning fibers are composed of, and the methods used to control the morphology of a single fiber. Additionally, this study also discusses the processes underlying peripheral nerve regeneration. The primary goals of the present review were to evaluate and consolidate the findings of studies that used scaffolding biomaterials built by electrospinning used for peripheral nerve regeneration support. It is amazing that the field of peripheral nerve regeneration continues to consistently produce such a wide variety of innovative techniques and novel types of equipment, because the introduction of every new process creates an opportunity for advances in materials for nerve repair.

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