Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Different Germ Layer-Derived Adult Stem Cells in the Past Decade

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system. Although the peripheral nervous system has a higher regenerative ability than the central nervous system, delayed treatment is associated with disturbances in both distal sensory and functional abilities. Over the past decades, adult stem cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve injuries have drawn attention from researchers. This is because various stem cells can promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries by differentiating into neural-line cells, secreting various neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of in situ Schwann cells (SCs). This article reviewed research from the past 10 years on the role of stem cells in the repair of PNIs. We concluded that adult stem cell-based therapies promote the regeneration of PNI in various ways.

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FEATURES

Asia-Pacific Biotech News ◽

10.1142/s0219030312000183 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (03) ◽

pp. 20-46

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Neural Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell Therapy ◽

Cardiac Diseases ◽

Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽

Nerve Injuries

Expatriate Researcher Returns to Roost. Past, Present and Future of Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine. Learning Human Cardiac Diseases through Stem Cells. Bioprocessing for Stem Cell Therapy: From the Lab into the Log Phase. Neural Stem Cells and Cell-based Approaches in Neurodegeneration and Peripheral Nerve Injuries. The Marketing of Unapproved Stem Cell Products: An Industry-wide Challenge.

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Regenerative effects of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells for treatment of peripheral nerve injuries

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20140004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 697-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mallappa K. Kolar ◽

Paul J. Kingham

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Repair ◽

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽

Donor Site ◽

Short Review ◽

Donor Site Morbidity ◽

Peripheral Nerve Injuries ◽

Nerve Injuries

Peripheral nerve injuries are a common occurrence affecting the nerves found outside the central nervous system. Complete nerve transections necessitate surgical re-anastomosis, and, in cases where there is a significant gap between the two ends of the injured nerve, bridging strategies are required to repair the defect. The current clinical gold standard is the nerve graft, but this has a number of limitations, including donor site morbidity. An active area of research is focused on developing other techniques to replace these grafts, by creating tubular nerve-guidance conduits from natural and synthetic materials, which are often supplemented with biological cues such as growth factors and regenerative cells. In the present short review, we focus on the use of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells and the possible mechanisms through which they may exert a positive influence on peripheral nerve regeneration, thereby enabling more effective nerve repair.

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Novel Adult Stem Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

10.21236/ada605252 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Song Li

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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GSK3β, a Master Kinase in the Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Behavior

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10020225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

Claire Racaud-Sultan ◽

Nathalie Vergnolle

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Adult Stem Cell ◽

Leukemic Cells ◽

Cell Phenotype ◽

Epithelial Regeneration ◽

Cell Functions

In adult stem cells, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) is at the crossroad of signaling pathways controlling survival, proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. The microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of these cell functions and we have demonstrated that the GSK3β activity is strongly dependent on the engagement of integrins and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Downstream of the integrin α5β1 or PAR2 activation, a molecular complex is organized around the scaffolding proteins RACK1 and β-arrestin-2 respectively, containing the phosphatase PP2A responsible for GSK3β activation. As a consequence, a quiescent stem cell phenotype is established with high capacities to face apoptotic and metabolic stresses. A protective role of GSK3β has been found for hematopoietic and intestinal stem cells. Latters survived to de-adhesion through PAR2 activation, whereas formers were protected from cytotoxicity through α5β1 engagement. However, a prolonged activation of GSK3β promoted a defect in epithelial regeneration and a resistance to chemotherapy of leukemic cells, paving the way to chronic inflammatory diseases and to cancer resurgence, respectively. In both cases, a sexual dimorphism was measured in GSK3β-dependent cellular functions. GSK3β activity is a key marker for inflammatory and cancer diseases allowing adjusted therapy to sex, age and metabolic status of patients.

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Article Commentary: Stem Cell Research in Cell Transplantation: An Analysis of Geopolitical Influence by Publications

Cell Transplantation ◽

10.3727/000000007783465190 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 867-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

David J. Eve ◽

Paul R. Sanberg

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Adult Stem Cell ◽

Therapeutic Area ◽

Fetal Stem Cells ◽

Major Player ◽

The Us ◽

Restricted Use

One of the fastest growing fields in researching treatments for neurodegenerative and other disorders is the use of stem cells. These cells are naturally occurring and can be obtained from three different stages of an organism's life: embryonic, fetal, and adult. In the US, political doctrine has restricted use of federal funds for stem cells, enhancing research towards an adult source. In order to determine how this legislation may be represented by the stem cell field, a retrospective analysis of stem cell articles published in the journal Cell Transplantation over a 2-year period was performed. Cell Transplantation is considered a translational journal from preclinical to clinical, so it was of interest to determine the publication outcome of stem cell articles 6 years after the US regulations. The distribution of the source of stem cells was found to be biased towards the adult stage, but relatively similar over the embryonic and fetal stages. The fetal stem cell reports were primarily neural in origin, whereas the adult stem cell ones were predominantly mesenchymal and used mainly in neural studies. The majority of stem cell studies published in Cell Transplantation were found to fall under the umbrella of neuroscience research. American scientists published the most articles using stem cells with a bias towards adult stem cells, supporting the effect of the legislation, whereas Europe was the leading continent with a bias towards embryonic and fetal stem cells, where research is “controlled” but not restricted. Japan was also a major player in the use of stem cells. Allogeneic transplants (where donor and recipient are the same species) were the most common transplants recorded, although the transplantation of human-derived stem cells into rodents was the most common specific transplantation performed. This demonstrates that the use of stem cells is an increasingly important field (with a doubling of papers between 2005 and 2006), which is likely to develop into a major therapeutic area over the next few decades and that funding restrictions can affect the type of research being performed.

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