Increased Sympathetic Activity and Blood Pressure in Young Asymptomatic Men with ‘Organic’ T-Wave Aberrations in the Electrocardiogram

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 283s-285s ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-H. Atterhog ◽  
K. Eliasson ◽  
P. Hjemdahl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Asymptomatic Men

1. Twelve asymptomatic young men with ‘primary’ T-wave aberrations in the electrocardiogram (group T) and 13 matched controls were subjected to a mental stress test, isometric exercise and a cold pressor test. 2. Plasma catecholamines and haemodynamics were studied. 3. Group T had signs of increased sympathetic activity at rest and enhanced sympatho-adrenal reactivity during stress. 4. Systolic blood pressure was consistently elevated in group T. 5. The T-wave aberrations may be explained by the increased sympathetic activity. 6. Several similarities exist between group T and borderline hypertensive subjects.

Sympathetic activation decreases medium-sized arterial compliance in humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. H1368-H1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Boutouyrie ◽  
P. Lacolley ◽  
X. Girerd ◽  
L. Beck ◽  
M. Safar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Pressor Test

This study used a precise noninvasive method in normotensive humans to determine the effects of sympathetic activation on arterial compliance. A recently developed, high-resolution echo-tracking system capable of measuring systolic/diastolic variations of arterial diameter was coupled to a Finapres system and used to calculate instantaneous systolic/diastolic pressure-diameter and compliance-pressure curves for a muscular medium-sized artery, the radial artery. Two standardized tests of sympathetic system activation, a cold pressor test (2 min) and a mental stress test (2 min of mental arithmetic), were performed at an interval of 8 days in random order in nine healthy volunteers [30 +/- 9 (SD) yr]. Radial arterial parameters were recorded every 30 s for 9 min, which included 2 min of cold pressor test or mental stress test. During both tests, radial arterial mean diameter did not change despite t he increase in mean arterial pressure (P < 0.001); stroke change in diameter decreased (P < 0.01), whereas pulse pressure increased (P < 0.01). Arterial compliance, calculated for the instantaneous level of mean arterial pressure, decreased significantly (P < 0.01). Compliance (C) calculated at 100 mmHg (C100) was arbitrarily chosen as a reference point for comparing compliance among the different periods of the test. C100 decreased significant (P < 0.05) during both tests (from 2.93 +/- 1.27 to 2.04 +/- 0.94 and from 3.29 +/- 1.73 to 2.63 +/- 1.55 mm2.mmHg-1.10(-3) during mental stress and the cold pressor test, respectively). These results indicate that sympathetic activation is able to decrease radial arterial compliance in healthy subjects. The reduction in arterial compliance probably resulted from complex interactions between changes in distending blood pressure and changes in radial arterial smooth muscle tone.

Labetalol in Hypertensive Patients with Angina Pectoris: Beneficial Effect of Combined α- and β-Adrenoreceptor Blockade

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 283s-286s
Author(s):  
W. F. Lubbe ◽  
D. A. White
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Isotonic Exercise ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Stepwise Reduction ◽  
Blood Pressures

1. Eight hypertensive patients with angina pectoris had placebo added to their existing medications for 8 weeks, then incremental doses of active labetalol with simultaneous stepwise reduction in other medicines until blood pressure was satisfactorily controlled; after that only labetalol and thiazide (8 weeks) and finally labetalol-placebo together with previous β-adrenoreceptor antagonists and thiazide for 4 weeks were administered. 2. During the labetalol plus thiazide period resting blood pressures and measurements obtained during isotonic exercise, isometric exercise and the cold pressor test were significantly lower than during the initial placebo addition period. Angina scores were significantly reduced during this period. 3. During the final treatment with placebo, β-adrenoreceptor antagonist and thiazide, blood pressures remained reduced, but angina was significantly worse. 4. Labetalol which antagonizes both α- and β-adrenoreceptors produced better relief of angina pectoris than β-adrenoreceptor antagonists during improvement in blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions to Predict Development of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Nandini Kapoor ◽  
Rajeev Sharma ◽  
Munish Ashat ◽  
Anju Huria ◽  
Ghansham Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Dynamometer Test

Aim: This study aimed at performing autonomic function tests to predict PIH at early stage of pregnancy. Methods: 200 pregnant women between 12 to 20 weeks of gestation were selected for study. Handgrip dynamometer test (HGT) and Cold pressor test (CPT) were performed to assess sympathetic cardiovascular functions. Result: It was observed that 31 women out of 200 pregnant women developed PIH subsequently. ROC curve analysis was done to find out cut off values of high sensitivity and specificity for rise in systolic blood pressure (_SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (_DBP) during CPT and HGT. It was observed that out of 31 women who developed PIH/PE, 87.1% had _SBP _14mm Hg (cut off value) and 83.9% had _DBP _10mm Hg (cut off value) during CPT, both of which were statistically significant (p<0.001). Similarly for HGT, 31 women who developed PIH, _SBP _16 mm Hg and _DBP _14 mm Hg (cut off values) was observed in 96.8% and 83.9% women respectively (p< 0.001). Discriminant analysis showed that the reliability of both the tests in predicting PIH was very high (p<0.001). Conclusion: Thus it can be concluded from the study that heightened blood pressure response to physiological stimuli like cold and isometric exercise early in pregnancy could be used as a suitable tool to predict development of PIH. Key words: Cold pressor test, early detection, Handgrip dynamometer test, PIH DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5251 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 41-45

Pitfalls in the assessment of cardiovascular reflexes in patients with sympathetic failure but intact vagal control

1989 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. van Lieshout ◽  
W. Wieling ◽  
K. H. Wesseling ◽  
J. M. Karemaker
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Valsalva Manoeuvre ◽  
Cardiovascular Reflexes ◽  
Vagal Control

1. Two patients are described who presented with orthostatic hypotension as the main symptom. The diagnosis was sympathetic failure with intact vagal control. 2. Unusual test result's were obtained. Assessment of the integrity of the total baroreflex arc by the Valsalva manoeuvre measuring only heart rate changes proved impossible, since the magnitude and time course of the heart rate response were normal notwithstanding the presence of a blood pressure response typical of sympathetic failure. 3. Sustained handgrip, cold pressor test and mental stress test all could induce a rise in blood pressure, despite the presence of sympathetic vasomotor lesions, but only when accompanied by a rise in heart rate. Efferent parasympathetic blockade by atropine, resulting in an increase in heart rate, was also accompanied by a substantial rise in blood pressure. These findings seem to result from a heart rate rise dependent increase in cardiac output unopposed by reflex vasodilatation. 4. In these patients the only baroreflex way to control blood pressure is by varying heart rate. This condition can be evaluated only if blood pressure and heart rate are measured on a beat-by-beat basis.

scholarly journals l-Citrulline supplementation attenuates blood pressure, wave reflection and arterial stiffness responses to metaboreflex and cold stress in overweight men

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Figueroa ◽  
Stacey Alvarez-Alvarado ◽  
Salvador J. Jaime ◽  
Roy Kalfon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Afterload

AbstractCombined isometric exercise or metaboreflex activation (post-exercise muscle ischaemia (PEMI)) and cold pressor test (CPT) increase cardiac afterload, which may lead to adverse cardiovascular events. l-Citrulline supplementation (l-CIT) reduces systemic arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)) at rest and aortic haemodynamic responses to CPT. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of l-CIT on aortic haemodynamic and baPWV responses to PEMI+CPT. In all, sixteen healthy, overweight/obese males (age 24 (sem 6) years; BMI 29·3 (sem 4·0) kg/m2) were randomly assigned to placebo or l-CIT (6 g/d) for 14 d in a cross-over design. Brachial and aortic systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), aortic augmented pressure (AP), augmentation index (AIx), baPWV, reflection timing (Tr) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise (IHG), PEMI and PEMI+CPT at baseline and after 14 d. No significant effects were evident after l-CIT at rest. l-CIT attenuated the increases in aortic SBP and wave reflection (AP and AIx) during IHG, aortic DBP, MAP and AIx during PEMI, and aortic SBP, DBP, MAP, AP, AIx and baPWV during PEMI+CPT compared with placebo. HR and Tr were unaffected by l-CIT in all conditions. Our findings demonstrate that l-CIT attenuates aortic blood pressure and wave reflection responses to exercise-related metabolites. Moreover, l-CIT attenuates the exaggerated arterial stiffness response to combined metaboreflex activation and cold exposure, suggesting a protective effect against increased cardiac afterload during physical stress.

Enhancement of the sympathoadrenal response to the cold-pressor test by naloxone in man

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Marc Bouloux ◽  
Ashley Grossman ◽  
Saad Al-Damluji ◽  
Timothy Bailey ◽  
Michael Besser
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Adrenaline ◽  
Pressor Test

1. The effects of naloxone (8 mg) on the pressor and plasma catecholamine response to a standard cold-pressor test have been evaluated in six normal male subjects. Plasma catecholamines were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection. 2. Cold stimulation induced significant elevations in plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline to reach mean peak levels 61% and 108% above their respective basal levels (P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure increased by 23 ± 6.5 mmHg (P < 0.001), and heart rate increased by 7.5 ± 2.5 beats/min (P < 0.001). 3. Naloxone pretreatment significantly enhanced the plasma adrenaline response to the cold stimulus by 98% (P < 0.01) with concomitant changes in peak systolic blood pressure (peak increment 31 ± 6 mmHg) and pulse rate (12.5 ± 3.5 beats/min) responses (both P < 0.05). The mean plasma noradrenaline response to cold also increased after naloxone, but this failed to achieve significance. 4. Endogenous opioids are likely to be involved in the sympathoadrenal response to a mild acute stress in man.

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