Effect of Ureteral Ligation of the Contralateral Kidney on Angiotensin Dependency in One-Clip, Two-Kidney Renal Hypertensive Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 211s-213s
Author(s):  
Yutaka Takata ◽  
Austin E. Doyle ◽  
Margherita Veroni ◽  
Stuart G. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Single Oral Administration ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Renin Content

1. The aim of this study was to determine whether the urinary excretory function of the contralateral kidney is essential for angiotensin dependency in two-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats. Ureteric ligation was used to abolish excretion from the contralateral kidney. 2. Plasma renin activity (PRA), renal renin content (RRC) and the response of blood pressure to captopril were examined. 3. The increase of blood pressure produced by the application of a clip to one renal artery was slightly accelerated by the ureteral ligation of the contralateral kidney. 4. Ureteral ligation of the contralateral kidney did not alter the response to a single oral administration of captopril. PRA and RRC of both kidneys were not different between the ureteral ligated group and the group without ureteric ligation. The falls in blood pressure produced by captopril correlated with PRA in the two groups. 5. These results suggest that the excretory function of the contralateral kidney is not essential for angiotensin dependency in the two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rat model.

Plasma Renin Activity and Sodium, Potassium and Water Excretion during Reversal of Hypertension in the One-Clip, Two-Kidney Hypertensive Rat

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. M. Ten Berg ◽  
F. H. H. Leenen ◽  
W. De Jong
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Water Excretion ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats

1. The effect of removal of the clip on blood pressure, plasma renin activity and the excretion of water, sodium and potassium was studied in renal hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced by application of a clip with an internal diameter of 0·20 mm, which was removed after 1, 2 or 3 weeks, and by using a clip with an internal diameter of 0·25 mm, which was removed after 2 weeks. The contralateral kidney remained undisturbed. 2. Blood pressure was almost normal 24 h after the removal of the clip; 70–90% of the total decrease in blood pressure occurred within 2–5 h. 3. The increased plasma renin activity, which was observed 2 and 3 weeks after application of a 0·20 mm clip, had returned to control values 24 h after removal of the clip. One week after application of a 0·20 mm clip, and 2 weeks after a 0·25 mm clip, plasma renin activity did not differ significantly from control values, before as well as after unclipping. 4. No significant differences were found between unclipped and sham-operated renal hypertensive rats, nor between the latter and the sham-operated normotensive control rats for water, sodium and potassium excretion, and for change in body weight, during the 24 h after the removal of the clip. 5. It is concluded that urinary loss of water and/or sodium does not play an important role in the acute decrease of blood pressure which occurs after the removal of a renal artery clip in one-clip, two-kidney hypertensive rats. A decrease in peripheral plasma renin activity can only partly explain the reversal of the hypertension.

What Stimulates the Renin—Angiotensin System in Rats with two-Kidney Renal Hypertension?

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-470
Author(s):  
Y. Takata ◽  
A. E. Doyle ◽  
M. Veroni ◽  
S. G. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
The One ◽  
Renin Content

1. Blood pressure, the hypotensive effect of captopril, plasma renin activity, renal renin content and kidney weight were measured in the two-kidney—one-clip model, the one-kidney—one-clip model and the two-kidney—one-clip model with the ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated in rats. The ureteric ligation was performed to abolish urinary excretion from the contralateral kidney in the two-kidney—one-clip model. 2. The development of hypertension after renal artery constriction was earlier and greater in the one-kidney—one-clip model and the two-kidney—one-clip model with ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated than in the two-kidney—one-clip model. A single oral dose of captopril produced a greater fall in blood pressure in both the two-kidney models than in the one-kidney—one-clip group. 3. Plasma renin activity and renal renin content of the clipped kidney were higher in the two-kidney model rats, whether or not the ureter had been ligated, than in the one-kidney—one-clip model animals, although more than half the rats from the two-kidney model had normal values. There was a significant correlation between plasma renin activity and the response to captopril in all groups, whereas in none of the three groups was the correlation between plasma renin activity and blood pressure significant. 4. The clipped kidney had a higher renin content than did the contralateral kidney, and the weight of the ischaemic kidney was decreased compared with the contralateral kidney whether it was untouched or had its ureter ligated. The weight of the clipped kidney was in the order one-kidney—one-clip model > two-kidney—one-clip model with ureter of the contralateral kidney ligated > two-kidney—one-clip model. 5. It was concluded that the renin-angiotensin system was stimulated to the similar degree in some animals for the two-kidney—one-clip models, whether or not the ureter of the contralateral kidney had been ligated, compared with the one-kidney—one-clip animals. This finding suggests that the contralateral kidney can stimulate renin secretion and synthesis in the clipped kidney independently of Na+ excretion.

Renin content and excretory function of the kidney in rats with experimental hypertension

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brunner ◽  
P. A. Desaulles ◽  
D. Regoli ◽  
F. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Ligation Of The Ureter ◽  
Renin Content

To determine relationship between kidney renin content and excretory function, rats with renal hypertension induced by unilateral clamping of the renal artery were given an oral load of 3 ml of 0.9% saline/100 g body wt. Excretion of the saline load was accelerated in rats with renal hypertension as well as in animals with hypertension due to overdosage with cortexone and salt, provided that the loading experiment was made 3–4 weeks after hypertension was established, but not when animals had been hypertensive for 11–14 weeks. Renin concentration was markedly reduced in the unclamped kidney and also in the kidney of the rats overdosed with cortexone and salt. Excreting capacity of the clamped kidney was compared with that of the unclamped kidney, after removal or after functional elimination of the contralateral kidney, by ligation of the ureter, 3, 24, and 48 hr after the operation. In all experiments excretion of saline load by the unclamped kidney was more rapid than by the clamped kidney, but the highest values were reached in the presence of a functional clamped kidney. Only in rats with elevated blood pressure was the load more rapidly excreted than in normal rats, but hypertension alone cannot be the only factor responsible, the excretion not being accelerated in unilaterally nephrectomized hypertensive rats. Although these hint at a connection between the renin concentration and renal function the nature of this relationship remains uncertain.

The Vicious Circle in Acute Malignant Hypertension of Rats

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 251s-255s ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dauda ◽  
J. Möhring ◽  
K. G. Hofbauer ◽  
E. Homsy ◽  
Ulrike Miksche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Malignant Hypertension ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Malignant Nephrosclerosis ◽  
Drinking Fluid

1. In renal hypertensive rats, increase in blood pressure above 180 mmHg may induce sodium and water loss, reduced growth rate, elevated haematocrit, a marked rise in plasma renin concentration, an increase in renin extractable from the clamped and the contralateral kidney and malignant nephrosclerosis of the contralateral kidney. These symptoms characterize the malignant phase of renal hypertension in rats. 2. When water was given as drinking fluid, ten of eighteen rats developed signs of malignant hypertension and malignant nephrosclerosis within 3–4 weeks. Administration of 0.9% saline instead of water induced higher blood-pressure levels, but only five of eighteen rats showed malignant nephrosclerosis. When drinking fluid was changed from water to saline shortly before or shortly after the onset of malignant hypertension, the condition improved, and in only one of twelve rats was malignant nephrosclerosis observed. 3. It is concluded that in renal hypertensive rats sodium supplements may improve or prevent signs of malignant hypertension and the development of malignant nephrosclerosis.

Alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade in renal hypertensive rats with low and high renin levels

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (4) ◽  
pp. H573-H578
Author(s):  
B. Waeber ◽  
J. Nussberger ◽  
H. R. Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renal Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats

A total of 75 male Wistar rats with one-kidney, one-clip renal hypertension was maintained on either a regular (RNa) or a low-salt (LNa) diet for 3 wk after clipping. Blood pressure in the unanesthetized rats was equally elevated independent of sodium intake. Plasma renin activity was higher in LNa animals, and blood pressure was renin dependent only in this group, as evidenced by the blood pressure response to 10 mg/kg captopril iv. There was no significant difference in plasma catecholamines between RNa and LNa rats, although in the former the sympathetic nervous system is believed to play a major role in sustaining high blood pressure. The acute intravenous administration of 0.5 mg/kg prazosin did not induce a more pronounced blood pressure fall in the RNa rats. Prazosin enhanced plasma norepinephrine levels similarly in both groups, but epinephrine levels only rose in the LNa animals. Prazosin also markedly stimulated plasma renin activity rendering blood pressure renin dependent even in RNa rats. Thus, using alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade, it has not been possible to demonstrate that the blood pressure elevation of salt-repleted one-kidney, one-clip renal hypertensive rats is due to an enhanced sympathetic nerve activity. Data obtained with sympatholytic agents must be interpreted with great caution if renin activity cannot be kept unchanged.

Antihypertensive Effect of Prolonged Blockade of Angiotensin Formation in Benign and Malignant, one- and two-Kidney Goldblatt Hypertensive Rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Bengis ◽  
T. G. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
The One

1. The effect of chronic inhibition of angiotensin II formation was investigated in four groups of hypertensive rats. Benign hypertension was produced by placing a 0·25 mm-diameter silver clip on the renal artery; a 0·20 mm clip was used to create malignant hypertension. A two-kidney model had a clip plus intact contralateral kidney and a one-kidney model had a clip plus contralateral nephrectomy. Benign and malignant groups were prepared in both the one-kidney and two-kidney variations. Converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ 14.225) was given to these four groups for 1 week in drinking water and average intake ranged from 33 to 77 mg/day. 2. The two malignant groups had the highest plasma renin activities and they showed a precipitous fall in arterial pressure in the first 24 h of inhibition of angiotensin formation. All groups showed an additional slow decline in pressure during the remaining 6 days of inhibition. Changes in heart rate and sodium excretion were variable but, in general, heart rate decreased during inhibition. 3. Arterial pressure did not become normal with inhibition in either of the one-kidney models: decreases to 126 and 132 mmHg were observed in the benign and malignant groups respectively. Three of the malignant one-kidney animals became uraemic with inhibition and one died before inhibition was discontinued. 4. Arterial pressure was reduced to normal pressure (95 mmHg) after 1 week of inhibition in both the benign and malignant two-kidney models. 5. It appears that normal pressure was restored in the two-kidney model but not in the one-kidney model because of the presence of the intact contralateral kidney. The physiological basis for this difference is not known but changes in renal excretory function may be involved.

Quantitative assay and disappearance rate of circulating renin

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Schaechtelin ◽  
D. Regoli ◽  
F. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Pressure Increase ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Contralateral Kidney ◽  
Blood Pressure Increase ◽  
Hypertensive Animal ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats

In isovolemic cross-circulation experiments, a nephrectomized donor rat, into which various doses of hog renin were injected, was connected to a nephrectomized indicator rat. The blood pressure increase thus produced in the indicator rat was compared with the blood pressure response obtained during cross circulation using either intact normotensive or renal hypertensive rats as donor animals. An exponential dose-response relationship was found between hog renin injected into a nephrectomized donor and the blood pressure increase of the indicator rat. Using the cross-circulation technique, the disappearance rate of endogenous reninlike material in the blood of donor animals and of exogenous renin injected into nephrectomized donor animals was examined. If an intact normotensive animal or a unilaterally nephrectomized hypertensive animal is totally nephrectomized, reninlike material disappears from the blood within 1 hr. In renal hypertensive rats with an untouched contralateral kidney which have a higher concentration of reninlike material in the blood, it takes about twice the normal time until reninlike material disappears from the blood after nephrectomy. The increased and prolonged blood pressure response of the nephrectomized animal to renin is not connected with a prolonged persistence of renin in the blood.

scholarly journals Chronic effects of Bunitrolol and Pindolol on blood pressure,heart rate,vascular lesions,and plasma renin activity in hypertensive rats.

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio HASEGAWA ◽  
Takushi X. WATANABE ◽  
Koichiro KAWASHIMA ◽  
Hirofumi SOKABE ◽  
Ken SAITO
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Chronic Effects
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