Changes in Blood Pressure, Body Fluids, Circulating Angiotensin II and Aldosterone, with Improved Diabetic Control

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (s8) ◽  
pp. 415s-418s ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. O'hare ◽  
J. B. Ferriss ◽  
B. M. Twomey ◽  
H. Gonggrijp ◽  
D. J. O'sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Escape Rate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Exchangeable Sodium ◽  
Poor Metabolic Control ◽  
Transcapillary Escape Rate

1. We studied 12 normotensive non-ketotic diabetic patients during poor metabolic control, with sustained hyperglycaemia, and again, after an interval of 3 weeks, when metabolic control was improved. On each occasion we measured blood pressure, total exchangeable sodium, plasma volume, transcapillary escape rate of albumin, and plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone. 2. With improved diabetic control there was a small but significant fall in arterial pressure. Total exchangeable sodium was normal when control was poor but rose significantly to above normal with improved control. 3. Plasma volume also rose significantly with improved control, and the transcapillary escape rate of albumin fell and the intravascular mass of albumin rose. 4. Plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations were significantly above normal during poor metabolic control, but fell to normal with improved control. 5. These findings indicate a resetting of the relationship between blood pressure and exchangeable sodium when diabetic control improves. The association between exchangeable sodium and concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone also appears altered in diabetic patients. These changes associated with varying metabolic control must be considered when studying cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients.

Transcapillary Escape Rate of Albumin in Type II Diabetic Patients: The relationship with microalbuminuria and hypertension

Diabetes Care ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nannipieri ◽  
G. Penno ◽  
L. Rizzo ◽  
L. Pucci ◽  
S. Bandinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escape Rate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Transcapillary Escape Rate ◽  
The Relationship

Renal Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition in Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Castoldi ◽  
Raffaella Carletti ◽  
Silvia Ippolito ◽  
Massimiliano Colzani ◽  
Francesca Barzaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Collagen Expression ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrates

Background: Clinical trials have shown that empagliflozin (Empa), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, promotes nephroprotective effects in diabetic patients. The mechanisms underlying nephroprotection are not completely known and it is not known whether the renal beneficial action is present even in non-diabetic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Empa administration on the development of renal fibrosis in an experimental model of angiotensin II (Ang II)-dependent hypertension. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 31) were divided into 4 experimental groups. Ang II (200 ng/kg/min, osmotic minipumps, s.c., n = 9) or Ang II + Empa (10 mg/kg/day, per os, n = 10) were administered for 2 weeks. Control rats were treated with placebo (physiological saline, n = 6), and another group was treated with placebo plus Empa (n = 6) for the same period. Blood pressure (plethysmographic method) was measured at the beginning and at the end of the experimental protocol. After 2 weeks, the rats were euthanized and the kidneys were excised for histomorphometric evaluation of glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis and for the immunohistochemical evaluation of inflammatory infiltrates (monocytes/macrophages) and types I and IV collagen expression. Results: The administration of Ang II resulted in an increase in blood pressure (p < 0.01), glomerular (p < 0.05) and tubulo-interstitial (p < 0.01) fibrosis, renal inflammatory infiltrates (p < 0.01) and type I (p < 0.01) and type IV collagen expression (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Treatment with Empa did not significantly modify the increase in blood pressure due to Ang II, but prevented the development of renal glomerular and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, and the increase in inflammatory infiltrates and types I and IV collagen expression in Ang II-treated rats (p < 0.01). Conclusions: These data demonstrate that the treatment with Empa prevents the development of renal fibrosis in Ang II-dependent hypertension. In Ang II-dependent hypertension, the anti-fibrotic effect due to SGLT2 inhibition is caused by the reduction of inflammatory infiltrates and it is independent on the modulation of blood pressure increase.

Effect of Catecholamines and Insulin on Plasma Volume and Intravascular Mass of Albumin in Man

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hilsted ◽  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
S. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Escape Rate ◽  
Intravenous Insulin ◽  
Transcapillary Escape Rate ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion ◽  
Combined Actions ◽  
Hyperinsulinaemic Euglycaemic Glucose Clamp ◽  
Healthy Males

1. The effect of intravenous catecholamine infusions and of intravenous insulin on plasma volume and intravascular mass of albumin was investigated in healthy males. 2. Physiological doses of adrenaline (0.5 μg/min and 3 μg/min) increased peripheral venous packed cell volume significantly; intravenous noradrenaline at 0.5 μg/min had no effect on packed cell volume, whereas packed cell volume increased significantly at 3 μg of noradrenaline/min. No significant change in packed cell volume was found during saline infusion. 3. During adrenaline infusion at 6 μg/min, packed cell volume increased, plasma volume decreased and intravascular mass of albumin decreased significantly. During noradrenaline infusion at 6 μg/min, packed cell volume increased and plasma volume decreased, but intravascular mass of albumin did not change. 4. Application of a hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic glucose clamp led to an increase in transcapillary escape rate of albumin and a decrease in intravascular mass of albumin. Packed cell volume remained constant, while plasma volume, measured by radiolabeled albumin, decreased. 5. We conclude that the previously reported changes in packed cell volume, plasma volume, intravascular mass of albumin and transcapillary escape rate of albumin during hypoglycaemia may be explained by the combined actions of adrenaline and insulin.

Sexual Dysfunction Among Men With Diabetes Mellitus Attending Chronic Out-patient Department at the Three Hospitals of Northwest Amhara Region, Ethiopia: Prevalence and Associated Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eskedar Getie ◽  
Hedija Yenus ◽  
Alehegn Bishaw
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Amhara Region ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Poor Metabolic Control ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Sexual dysfunction is the commonest reproductive health problem seen among men with diabetes which has different health and social consequences. Previous studies conducted in this area were concentrated to specific domain of sexual dysfunction and factors were not well addressed.Objective: To determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and identify associated factors among men with diabetes at the three hospitals of Amhara region, Ethiopia.Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 462 men diabetic patients attending at the three hospitals of northwest Amhara region. Systemic random sampling were used and interviewer administered change in sexual functioning questionnaire were collected from February 20, 2020- April 15, 2020. The collected data were entered to Epi-data and analyzed by SPSS. Binary logistic regression was employed and multi-variable logistic regressions model used to control confounders. Variables that had independent correlation with the outcome were identified (with p-value≤ 0.05 and 95%CI) the direction and the strength of the association were measured by Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR).Results: The prevalence of sexual dysfunction found to be 69.5% (95%CI= (65.1-73.9)). The magnitude of sexual dysfunction has been disproportionately observed among old age individuals (AOR=8.7, 95%CI: (3.3-23.1)), longer duration of diagnosis with diabetes(AOR=10.8, 95%CI: (5.3-21.9)), poor metabolic control (AOR=3.57, 95%CI: (1.81-7.05)), existence of comorbidities (AOR=5.07, 95%CI: (2.16–11.9)) and having diabetic related complications (AOR=3.01, 95%CI=1.31-6.92). Nevertheless, physically active (AOR=0.41, 95%CI: (0.12-0.7)) and couples satisfied with their relationship (AOR=0.15, 95%CI: (0.03-0.7)) were less likely to experience the problem.Conclusion: Well over two-thirds of men with diabetes have experienced sexual dysfunction, implying a public health pressing concern. Older individuals, physical in activity, longer duration of diagnosis with diabetes, having diabetic complication, experiencing co-morbid illnesses, couples un satisfaction, and poor metabolic control increased risk of developing SD. Therefore, promoting physical exercise, preventing co-morbid illnesses, couples counseling to build good relationship are recommended for combating the problem.

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