Abnormal Urate Transport in Erythrocytes of Patients with Idiopathic Calcium Nephrolithiasis: A Possible Link with Hyperuricosuria

1993 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
Massimo Vincenti ◽  
Francesco Marchini ◽  
Angela D'Angelo ◽  
Bruno Baggio
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urate Transport ◽  
Stone Formers

1. The demonstration of an inheritable anomaly of erythrocyte oxalate transport in ‘primary’ calcium nephrolithiasis suggested that this disease might be a generalized metabolic disorder characterized by a defect in cellular anion transport. 2. To determine whether this anomaly is restricted to oxalate alone, we studied erythrocyte transmembrane urate self-exchange in calcium-oxalate renal stone formers in whom urinary excretion of uric acid is frequently increased. 3. Abnormal urate self-exchange was found in 30% of the patients. The urate self-exchange rate constant was correlated with 24 h urinary excretion of uric acid; the erythrocyte anomaly was also associated with the frequency of hyperuricosuria and a more intense disease activity. Transmembrane urate self-exchange was inhibited by stilbene and heparan sulphate. Morphazinamide administration did not reduce urinary urate excretion in patients with abnormal urate erythrocyte self-exchange. 4. These findings suggest that hyperuricosuria during calcium-oxalate renal stone disease might be due to a cellular defect in urate transport, and further support the hypothesis that idiopathic nephrolithiasis is a metabolic disorder characterized by a defect in cellular anion transport.

Abnormal Erythrocyte and Renal Frusemide-Sensitive Sodium Transport in Idiopathic Calcium Nephrolithiasis

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Baggio ◽  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
Francesco Marchini ◽  
Massimo Vincenti ◽  
Giulio Ceolotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Fractional Excretion ◽  
Cation Transport ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Distal Nephron ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Na Efflux

1. Anomalous transmembrane anion transport has been observed in erythrocytes of patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. 2. To verify whether cation transport is also abnormal, we investigated the frusemide-sensitive Na+ efflux from Na+-loaded erythrocytes and the natriuretic response to acute intravenous frusemide administration in calcium oxalate renal stone formers. 3. Frusemide administration induced a statistically significant smaller increase in the fractional excretion of Na+ in patients than in control subjects. Abnormal kinetic properties of erythrocyte Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport were observed in approximately 60% of stone formers. The Km for Na+ of Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport correlated with urinary Ca2+ excretion. 4. The abnormal kinetic properties of Na+-K+-2Cl− co-transport may be relevant for stone formation, hampering renal Ca2+ reabsorption in the distal nephron and determining critical physicochemical conditions for calcium/oxalate crystallization.

Correlation of Urinary Excretion of Glycosaminoglycans and Uric Acid in Healthy Adults and in Renal Stone Formers

Urolithiasis ◽  
1989 ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
H. Sidhu ◽  
A. K. Hemal ◽  
S. Vaidyanathan ◽  
S. K. Thind ◽  
R. Nath
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Stone Formers

Effects of Dietary Nutrients Upon Urinary Excretion of Calcium, Uric Acid and Citrate in Renal Stone Formers

1994 ◽  
pp. 434-434
Author(s):  
I. P. Heilberg ◽  
L. A. Martini ◽  
L. Cuppari ◽  
S. A. Draibe ◽  
N. Schor
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Dietary Nutrients

scholarly journals Excretion of urine extracellular vesicles bearing markers of activated immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology differ between calcium kidney stone formers and non-stone formers

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiqing Zhang ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Muthuvel Jayachandran ◽  
Loren P. Herrera Hernandez ◽  
Stanley Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Abstract Backgrounds: Previous studies have demonstrated that excretion of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different nephron segments differs between kidney stone formers and non-stone formers (NSFs), and could reflect pathogenic mechanisms of urinary stone disease. In this study we quantified selected populations of specific urinary EVs carrying protein markers of immune cells and calcium/phosphorus physiology in calcium oxalate stone formers (CSFs) compared to non-stone formers (NSFs). Methods Biobanked urine samples from CSFs (n = 24) undergoing stone removal surgery and age- and sex- matched NSFs (n = 21) were studied. Urinary EVs carrying proteins related to renal calcium/phosphorus physiology (phosphorus transporters (PiT1 and PiT2), Klotho, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23); markers associated with EV generation (anoctamin-4 (ANO4) and Huntington interacting protein 1 (HIP1)), and markers shed from activated immune cells were quantified by standardized and published method of digital flow cytometry. Results Urine excretion of calcium, oxalate, phosphorus, and calcium oxalate supersaturation (SS) were significantly higher in CSFs compared to NSFs (P < 0.05). Urinary excretion of EVs with markers of total leukocytes (CD45), neutrophils (CD15), macrophages (CD68), Klotho, FGF23, PiT1, PiT2, and ANO4 were each markedly lower in CSFs than NSFs (P < 0.05) whereas excretion of those with markers of monocytes (CD14), T-Lymphocytes (CD3), B-Lymphocytes (CD19), plasma cells (CD138 plus CD319 positive) were not different between the groups. Urinary excretion of EVs expressing PiT1 and PiT2 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with urinary phosphorus excretion, whereas excretion of EVs expressing FGF23 negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with both urinary calcium and phosphorus excretion. Urinary EVs with markers of HIP1 and ANO4 correlated negatively (P < 0.05) with clinical stone events and basement membrane calcifications on papillary tip biopsies. Conclusions Urinary excretion of EVs derived from specific types of activated immune cells and EVs with proteins related to calcium/phosphorus regulation differed between CSFs and NSFs. Further validation of these and other populations of urinary EVs in larger cohort could identify biomarkers that elucidate novel pathogenic mechanisms of calcium stone formation in specific subsets of patients.

Simultaneous Treatment of Calcium Oxalate and Uric Acid Stone Disease in Saudi Arabia

1994 ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Robertson ◽  
H. Hughes ◽  
I. Husain ◽  
S. Al-Faqih ◽  
A. Arafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Uric Acid Stone ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment

scholarly journals Stone composition of renal stone formers from different global regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Adam Hali´nski ◽  
Kamran Hassan Bhatti ◽  
Luca Boeri ◽  
Jonathan Cloutier ◽  
Kaloyan Davidoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Stone Analysis ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Cystine Stones ◽  
Struvite Stones

Objective: To study urinary stone composition patterns in different populations around the world. Materials and methods: Data were collected by reviewing charts of 1204 adult patients of 10 countries with renal or ureteral stones (> 18 years) in whom a stone analysis was done and available. Any method of stone analysis was accepted, but the methodology had to be registered. Results: In total, we observed 710 (59%) patients with calcium oxalate, 31 (1%) with calcium phosphate, 161 (13%) with mixed calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate, 15 (1%) with carbapatite, 110 (9%) with uric acid, 7 (< 1%) with urate (ammonium or sodium), 100 (9%) with mixed with uric acid/ calcium oxalate, 56 (5%) with struvite and 14 (1%) with cystine stones. Calciumcontaining stones were the most common in all countries ranging from 43 to 91%. Oxalate stones were more common than phosphate or mixed phosphate/oxalate stones in most countries except Egypt and India. The rate of uric acid containing stones ranged from 4 to 34%, being higher in Egypt, India, Pakistan, Iraq, Poland and Bulgaria. Struvite stones occurred in less than 5% in all countries except India (23%) and Pakistan (16%). Cystine stones occurred in 1% of cases. Conclusions: The frequency of different types of urinary stones varies from country to country. Calcium-containing stones are prevalent in all countries. The frequency of uric acid containing stones seems to depend mainly on climatic factors, being higher in countries with desert or tropical climates. Dietary patterns can also lead to an increase in the frequency of uric acid containing stones in association with high obesity rates. Struvite stones are decreasing in most countries due to improved health conditions.

Glycosaminoglycan Content, Oxalate Self-Exchange and Protein Phosphorylation in Erythrocytes of Patients with ‘Idiopathic’ Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Baggio ◽  
Giovanni Marzaro ◽  
Giovanni Gambaro ◽  
Francesco Marchini ◽  
Hibbard E. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Flux Rate ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Stone Formers ◽  
Membrane Phosphorylation

1. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that glycosaminoglycans may play an important role in the observed abnormalities in oxalate flux seen in patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. 2. Oxalate flux rate, erythrocyte membrane glycosaminoglycan content, membrane protein phosphorylation and effect of heparan sulphate on erythrocyte oxalate flux in vitro were studied in control subjects and patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. 3. In comparison with control subjects, renal stone-formers showed a significantly higher oxalate self-exchange, a lower erythrocyte membrane glycosaminoglycan content and a higher membrane phosphorylation rate. In stone-formers, erythrocyte glycosaminoglycan content correlated inversely with both oxalate flux rate and protein phosphorylation. In vitro, heparan sulphate promoted a significant fall in the rate of oxalate self-exchange. 4. These findings support the hypothesis that a lower erythrocyte membrane content of glycosaminoglycans enhances membrane protein phosphorylation, leading to an increased rate of transmembrane oxalate flux.

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