On the Quantification of Heart Rate Changes in Autonomic Function Tests: Relations between Measures in Beats per Minute, Seconds and Dimensionless Ratios

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo J. C. Faes ◽  
Nico N. D. De Neeling ◽  
Rene Kingma ◽  
Ben J. TenVoorde ◽  
John M. Karemaker
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Deep Breathing ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Heart Rate Variation ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

1. Disorders of the autonomic nervous system are frequently diagnosed by measuring heart rate changes in response to deep-breathing and lying-to-standing manoeuvres. The heart rate changes in these manoeuvres are quantified in measures using various units, like beats per minute, seconds and dimensionless ratios. 2. In the present study we mathematically derived relationships between the measures which quantify heart rate changes in beats per minute, seconds and dimensionless ratios. The theoretical outcomes were experimentally confirmed by the results of the deep-breathing and the lying-to-standing test in 525 healthy and diabetic subjects. The measures were found to be non-equivalent, because the mean RR interval duration influenced the measures in different ways. 3. It is argued that measures in seconds are preferable to measures in beats per minute or ratios, because the physiological interpretation of this measure is easier, and the sensitivity of measures in seconds is expected to be greater. 4. Finally, we recommend that measures of heart rate variation in the deep-breathing and lying-to-standing manoeuvre are accompanied by information on the mean RR interval duration or mean heart rate to allow correct interpretation of the measures.

scholarly journals Impact of Real and Simulated Flights on Psychophysiological Response of Military Pilots

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Juan Pedro Fuentes-García ◽  
Vicente J. Clemente-Suárez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Marazuela-Martínez ◽  
José F. Tornero-Aguilera ◽  
Santos Villafaina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

Objective: The present research aimed to analyse the autonomic, anxiety, perceived exertion, and self-confidence response during real and simulated flights. Methods: This cross-sectional study participated 12 experienced male pilots (age = 33.08 (5.21)) from the Spanish Air Force. Participants had to complete a real and a simulated flight mission randomly. The heart rate variability (HRV), anxiety, self-confidence, and rating of perceived exertion were collected before and after both manoeuvres, and HRV was also collected during both simulated and real flights. Results: When studying the acute effects of real and simulated flights, the mean heart rate, the R-to-R interval, the cognitive anxiety and the perceived exertion were significantly impacted only by real flights. Furthermore, significant differences in the mean heart rate and RR interval were found when compared to the acute effects of real and simulated flights (with higher acute effects observed in real flights). Additionally, when compared the HRV values during simulated and real flights, significant differences were observed in the RR and heart rate mean (with lower RR interval and higher heart rate mean observed during real flights). Conclusion: Real flights significantly reduced the RR interval and cognitive anxiety while increased the heart rate mean and the rating of perceived exertion, whereas simulated flights did not induce any significant change in the autonomic modulation.

Calculation of Heart Rate Variation Owing to the Effect of Electromagnetic Fields Waves (EMF)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yahya H. ◽  
◽  
Ali Adil Turki ◽  
Ali H. F. Alnasraui ◽  
Qasim shaker K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Heart Rate Variation

Numeric analysis of heart rate variation in intrauterine growth-retarded fetuses: A longitudinal study

1992 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalinde J.M. Snijders ◽  
Lucia S.M. Ribbert ◽  
Gerard H.A. Visser ◽  
Eduard J.H. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Heart Rate Variation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Heart rate responses and plasma cortisol concentrations in ewes: comparison between cervical and laparoscopic intrauterine insemination and their associated handling procedures

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Khalid ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
D. G. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mean Heart Rate

AbstractThis study consisted of two experiments. In experiment 1, stress responses of sheep which were restrained either in a laparoscopy cradle or a roll-over cradle were compared. The results of this experiment indicated that restraint in roll-over cradle is less (P < 0·05) stressful than that in a laparoscopy cradle when assessed in terms of the elevation and duration of both the mean heart rate and plasma cortisol responses. Experiment 2 compared the stress responses of sheep subjected to restraint in a laparoscopy cradle, restraint in a laparoscopy cradle with intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) by laparoscopy, minimal restraint with cervical AI or restraint in a roll-over cradle plus foot-trimming. All treatments resulted in significant elevations in both heart rate and plasma cortisol concentrations (F < 0·001). The peak heart rate was significantly (P < 0·05) higher in ewes subjected to cervical AI than in those subjected to intrauterine insemination, with other treatments intermediate. The peak cortisol response did not differ among different treatments. The duration over which both the mean heart rate and -plasma cortisol concentrations remained significantly elevated above pre-treatment concentrations did not differ among treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that while restraint using a laparoscopy cradle is more stressful than that using a rollover cradle, the stress inflicted by intrauterine insemination by laparoscopy itself is no greater than that due to restraint using the laparoscopy cradle alone, cervical AI or the management practice offoot-trimming using a rollover cradle.

Effect of smoking on cardiovascular autonomic functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3780-3784
Author(s):  
P.Vani ◽  
◽  
Sharan B Singh M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
T Test ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Autonomic Functions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic smoking results in autonomic dysfunction leading to increased cardiovascular risk in smokers. The present study was planned to study the effect of smoking on the Cardiovascular Autonomic Functions among smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male subjects who were in the age group of 25 to 45 years. They were grouped into 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The participant subjects were selected among the staff members, residents and the patients from the routine OPD in SVIMS. Prior to study, they were informed about the procedure and the purpose of the study tests and written consents were obtained from them. The Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests were assessed by using a POLYGRAPH which was available in the department. Results and Conclusion: After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the BMI(i.e.p<0.01) and the para-sympathetic function tests among the smokers and the non – smokers(i.e.p<0.00). The Resting Heart Rate had significantly increased and the Deep breathing difference, the postural tachycardial index (Response to standing) and the Valsalva Ratio had significantly decreased in the smokers as compared to those in the non – smokers. After applying the ‘t’-test for the difference between the two sample means, it was observed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the Postural hypotension test (i.e. p>0.05) and that there was a highly significant difference between the mean values of the Sustained handgrip test in the smokers and the non – smokers (i.e. p<0.00). KEY WORDS: Cardiovascular autonomic function tests, Smoking, Resting heart rate.

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