Characteristics of the Sodium/Hydrogen Exchange in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients with Microalbuminuria and Hypertension

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fatima Zaidi ◽  
John S. Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Albumin Excretion ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

1. An association has been described between increased sodium/hydrogen (Na+/H+) exchange rates in various cells and microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetic patients. However, no data are available on the Na+/H+ exchange rate in type 2 diabetes and its association with urinary albumin excretion rates. 2. We have estimated platelet sodium-activated proton efflux (Na+/H+ exchange rate), based on a fluorimetric method, in 43 type 2 diabetic patients, of whom 29 were normoalbuminuric and 14 microalbuminuric, and in 10 non-diabetic control subjects. The factors measured were: buffering power, Km for external Na+ and Vmax. of the exchange rate. 3. There were no differences in Km and Vmax. for the Na+/H+ exchange between the subject groups. However, the 14 patients with microalbuminuria showed a significantly lower buffering capacity [17.2 (4.6) mmol l−1 pH unit−1] [mean (SD)] compared with non-diabetic control subjects [21.1 (1.9) mmol l−1 pH unit−1] (P = 0.020). 4. Among the 43 diabetic patients, 16 were hypertensive. These patients had similar characteristics of Na+/H+ exchange to the 27 normotensive diabetic patients and the control subjects. 5. There was no correlation between exchange rate variables of type 2 diabetic patients and fasting concentrations of insulin or albumin excretion rate. 6. We conclude that the platelets of microalbuminuric diabetic patients manifest a significantly lower buffering capacity. This lower buffering capacity may be due to abnormalities of other ion transport systems or to abnormalities in intermediary metabolism.

Increased cytosolic free sodium concentrations in platelets from type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients is associated with hypertension

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tepel ◽  
S. Bauer ◽  
S. Husseini ◽  
A. Raffelsiefer ◽  
W. Zidek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

ABSTRACT Cytosolic free sodium concentrations ([Na+]i) in intact platelets from 32 type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and from 27 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic control subjects were measured with the novel sodium-sensitive fluorescent dye sodium-binding-benzofuran-isophthalate. [Na+]i was significantly higher in platelets from type 2 diabetic patients compared with control subjects (40·6 ± 2·4 vs 32·0 ± 2·0 mmol/l, means ± s.e.m., P<0·03). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly elevated in diabetic patients compared with control subjects. Analysis of diabetic patients showed a significant association between [Na+]i and diastolic blood pressure (P =0·026). Stimulation of Na/H exchange by thrombin increased [Na+]i in both groups. After inhibition of Na/K/ATPase by ouabain (1 mmol/l), [Na+]i was significantly increased both in diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects in a similar way (by 40·2 ± 7·3 and 31·7 ± 5·3 mmol/l respectively). It is concluded that increased [Na+]i in cells from type 2 diabetic patients may be related to hypertension. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 565–572

scholarly journals Reduced Serum Adiponectin Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Zaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biochemical Assessment ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Adiponectin is a collagen-like plasma protein secreted by adipocytes that has been suggested to play a causal role in the development of insulin resistance. Even though hypoadiponectinaemia is reported to be closely associated with obesity-related diseases such as ACVD, type 2 DM, dyslipidaemia, report from our environment is lacking. Materials and Methods: Serum adiponectin, insulin and glucose were measured in 90 type 2 diabetic and control subjects respectively. The patients were known diabetics attending the diabetic clinic at the ABUTH, Zaria. The control subjects were apparently healthy individuals within the hospital and Zaria environs. Results: Mean serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects. On the other hand, the mean values of insulin and glucose were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the diabetic patients than in the controls. Conclusion: Measurement of serum adiponectin as an adjunct in the biochemical assessment of type 2 DM is suggested.

scholarly journals Islet cell and glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibodies in young diabetic patients attending in a General Hospital in Dhaka City

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108
Author(s):  
Ashesh Kumar Chowdhury ◽  
Shahjalalur Rahman Sahi ◽  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Mansura Khan
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Acid Decarboxylase ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gad 65 ◽  
Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Immune mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cell in type-I diabetes is well established but its’ role in young type-2 diabetic patients is still not conclusive. These young diabetic patients pass through several stages where they do not need insulin but found to have serum autoantibody against islets cell and even become dependent on insulin for survival in course of time. This study aims to find the presence of islets cell auto-antibodies (ICA) and autoantibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD-65) in non-insulin requiring young diabetic patients of Bangladesh. Objective: To evaluate the presence of ICA and GAD-65 between the non-insulin requiring young type-2 diabetic patients and compare with the non-diabetic control group. Method: This case control study was carried out at the Department of Immunology, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka for a period of one year from July 2013, A total of 120 non-insulin requiring (≥12 months) young type-2 diabetic patients and 60 age, sex matched non-diabetic were enrolled as control subjects following inclusion and exclusion criteria. ICA and GAD-65 tests were performed by enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) method by using kits from DRG Inc. International, USA. Results: In this study statistically significant difference found between non insulin requiring young diabetic patients and non diabetic control in respect of positive ICA result (p=0.015). The moderately strong negative association was found between different age of onset of diabetes mellitus and value of ICA level (r=-0.45). Only 20-24 years age group showed statistically significant difference between patient and control (p=0.013). Statistically significant difference was not found in GAD-65 values of non insulin requiring young diabetic patients and non diabetic controls (p=0.441). Conclusion: This study revealed that there is significant difference present in respect of ICA among non-insulin requiring young diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls. Therefore, autoimmune pathogenesis of beta cell killing by producing ICA against islets cell take place in young type-2 diabetic patients. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(2): 104-108

scholarly journals Comparison of Lipid Profile in Type-2 Obese Diabetics and Obese Non-diabetic Individuals. A hospital Based Study from Western Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naval Kishor Yadav ◽  
C Thanpari ◽  
MK Shrewastwa ◽  
RK Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background Type-2 diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease and risk of coronary disease is three to four fold increased in patients with diabetes compared with non-diabetic population and 60-80% 0f type-2 diabetics are obese. Methods This study was conducted in Nepalgunj Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal, between 1st March, 2011 and 28th February, 2012. A total of 150 samples were taken to assess the lipid profile in type-2 diabetic patients associated with obesity and 25 obese controls for their lipid profile. Venous blood samples were taken from all the subjects in the morning after fasting overnight. Exclusion criteria included pregnancy, chronic infectious disease, heart failure; renal failure and drug allergy were confirmed from the subject’s personal physician report and a detailed history. The data was analyzed using Excel 2003, R 2.8.0 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows Version 16.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. Results The mean ± SD age of diabetic patients with obesity was 53.76 ± 6.23 while the mean ± SD age of control was 49.61 ± 4.8. Out of 150 patients 105 (70%) were males and 45 (30%) were females. Among control subjects 16 (64%) were males and 9 (36%) were females. Obese type-2 diabetic patients when compared to obese control subjects showed statistically significant increase in the levels of serum total cholesterol (p ? 0.001), serum triglycerides (p ? 0.001), serum LDL-cholesterol (p ? 0.001) while serum HDL-cholesterol levels did not show statistically significant difference in the two group (p ? 0.05). Conclusion This study showed obese diabetic individuals have dyslipidemia and more prone to develop cardiovascular diseases. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 44-47 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8017

scholarly journals Changes in choroidal thickness and volume are related to urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 12 ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Farias ◽  
Daniel Lavinsky ◽  
Camila Benfica ◽  
Monica da Silva ◽  
Jacó Lavinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Urinary Albumin Excretion ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Albumin Excretion ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Postprandial changes in apolipoproteins in type 2 diabetic patients and control subjects

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
D Owens ◽  
C Madigan ◽  
P Collins ◽  
A Johnson ◽  
G.H Tomkin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Detection of Cytomorphological Changes in Buccal Mucosal Cells of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Using Oral Exfoliative Cytology

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Sharif ◽  
Naureen Sarwar ◽  
Bushra Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Khalid Masood ◽  
Asim Hameed
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Nuclear Diameter ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Mucosal Cells ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractBackground:  Diabetes mellitus is an extremely common endocrine metabolic disorder that results in chronic hyperglycemia. It has effects on various tissues of the body. Due to this increased blood glucose levels considerable cellular changes occur in oral cavity as well. This field has attracted little research. The aim of the study was to analyze the changes in morphology and cytomorphometric measurements in the buccal mucosal cells of type 2 diabetic patients.Objectives:  The Objective of this study was to detect the cytological and morphological alterations of oral epithelial cells, in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy control subjects in exfoliated cytology smears, to com-pare the cytoplasmic diameter, nuclear diameter, and nucleus: cytoplasm ratio in type 2 diabetics and heal-thy control subjects and to analyze the above mentioned cellular alterations in patients with controlled and uncontrolled diabetes.Methods:  Cross-sectional analysis was performed in three groups on the bases of HbA1c levels. Group 1 was uncontrolled diabetics with HbA1C ≥ 7.0%, Gro-up 2 was well controlled diabetics with HbA1c ≤ 7.0% and Group 3 was Control healthy having HbA1C ≤ 5. 6%. Smears from normal buccal mucosa were obtai-ned from each subject and stained with Papanicolaou method. An eyepiece micrometer was used to take mean values of ND, CyD, and N: C ratio. Fifty (50) clearly defined cells were measured in each case in a step wise manner, to evade quantifying cells once more. Comparison of Nuclear Diameter (ND), Cytoplasmic Diameter (CY D) and ratio of two Diameters (N: C) among three groups was performed by using ANOVA. TUKEY’S test for post –hoc analysis was used where required.Results:  The variability in diameter of nucleus among all three sample groups showed significant p-value < 0.001.Whereas the measurement for cytoplasmic diameter between three groups was not significant (p-value 0.178). The ratio of nuclear diameter to cytoplasmic diameter calculated was significant (p-value < 0.001). Hence it proved from the results that considerably exaggerated ND and N: C ratios were seen as the glycemic control (HbA1C) is poorer.Conclusion:  The results suggested that nuclear size of buccal mucosal cells increased in type 2 diabetic pati-ents while no change was observed in cytoplasmic dimensions.

Haemostatic Abnormalities Persist Despite Glycaemic Improvement by Insulin Therapy in Lean Type 2 Diabetic Patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Knöbl ◽  
Guntram Schernthaner ◽  
Christoph Schnack ◽  
Peter Pietschmann ◽  
Sylvia Proidl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryDiabetes mellitus is associated with disturbances of the haemostatic system, which might contribute to the development of diabetic vascular disease. We investigated the effect of metabolic improvement by insulin therapy on the haemostatic system in 61 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondaxy sulfunyluiea failure compared with 45 healthy control subjects matched for age, sex and BMI. Median age was 65, median diabetes duration 10 years. Median HbA1c (10%) and fructosamine (4.0 mM) levels were elevated before induction of therapy and decreased significantly within 6 months of insulin treatment to 7.5% and 3.0 mM, respectively (p <0.0001). Compared with control subjects, median plasma levels of fibrinogen (317 vs 286 mg/dl), coagulation factor VII activity (1.1 vs 0.89 U/1), von Willebrand factor (1.6 vs 1.3 U/1), D-dimer (105 vs 86 jug/1), protein C:Ag (1.24 vs 0.95 U/1), total protein S:Ag (1.15 vs 0.91 U/1), and antithrombin III activity (1.17 vs 1.08 U/1) were significantly elevated. Levels of free protein S were not different from control values. No significant decline of coagulation parameters could be recorded during insulin therapy. Patients with diabetic vasculopathy had higher levels of D-dimer than those without (133 vs 76 μg/1 before, 109 vs 88 μg/1 during therapy), whereas the other haemostatic parameters were not different. Our data indicate a significant activation of the coagulation system in diabetic patients with secondary failure to sulfonylurea drugs, with signs of a prethrombotic state and endothelial cell disturbance. Induction of insulin therapy results in a significant improvement of glycaemic and lipid metabolism, but the persisting enhanced activity state of the haemostatic system might contribute to the increased cardiovascular mortality of type 2 diabetic patients.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document