Molecular pathways in protecting the liver from ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a 2015 update

Ischaemia/reperfusion injury is an important cause of liver damage during surgical procedures such as hepatic resection and liver transplantation, and represents the main cause of graft dysfunction post-transplantation. Molecular processes occurring during hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion are diverse, and continuously include new and complex mechanisms. The present review aims to summarize the newest concepts and hypotheses regarding the pathophysiology of liver ischaemia/reperfusion, making clear distinction between situations of cold and warm ischaemia. Moreover, the most updated therapeutic strategies including pharmacological, genetic and surgical interventions, as well as some of the scientific controversies in the field are described.

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Exosomes from adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate liver ischaemia reperfusion injury subsequent to hepatectomy in rats by regulating mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine ◽

10.1111/jcmm.16952 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qianzhen Zhang ◽

Chenxi Piao ◽

Haiyang Ma ◽

Jiayuan Xu ◽

Yue Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Mitochondrial Dynamics ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽

Liver Ischaemia

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Ischaemia reperfusion injury: mechanisms of progression to chronic graft dysfunction

Pediatric Nephrology ◽

10.1007/s00467-018-3940-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 951-963 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gerhard R. Situmorang ◽

Neil S. Sheerin

Keyword(s):

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Graft Dysfunction ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽

Injury Mechanisms ◽

Chronic Graft Dysfunction

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Hypoxic preconditioning in renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury: a review in pre-clinical models

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20210615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 135 (23) ◽

pp. 2607-2618

Author(s):

Laurie Bruzzese ◽

Gwénaël Lumet ◽

Donato Vairo ◽

Claire Guiol ◽

Régis Guieu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Potential Benefit ◽

Graft Function ◽

Major Complication ◽

Hypoxic Preconditioning ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Post Transplantation ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽

Clinical Models

Abstract Ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease, which consists of cellular damage and renal dysfunction. AKI is a major complication that is of particular concern after cardiac surgery and to a lesser degree following organ transplantation in the immediate post-transplantation period, leading to delayed graft function. Because effective therapies are still unavailable, several recent studies have explored the potential benefit of hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on IRI. HPC refers to the acquisition of increased organ tolerance to subsequent ischaemic or severe hypoxic injury, and experimental evidences suggest a potential benefit of HPC. There are three experimental forms of HPC, and, for better clarity, we named them as follows: physical HPC, HPC via treated-cell administration and stabilised hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α HPC, or mimicked HPC. The purpose of this review is to present the latest developments in the literature on HPC in the context of renal IRI in pre-clinical models. The data we compiled suggest that preconditional activation of hypoxia pathways protects against renal IRI, suggesting that HPC could be used in the treatment of renal IRI in transplantation.

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THE EFFECT OF 5-AIQ ON THE LIVER ISCHAEMIA/REPERFUSION INJURY

Shock ◽

10.1097/00024382-200209001-00062 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 18 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

B. Sepodes ◽

M. C. McDonald ◽

R. Pinto ◽

R. Maio ◽

M. Caneira-da-Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽

Liver Ischaemia

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Intravascular donor monocytes play a central role in lung transplant ischaemia-reperfusion injury

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208977 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 350-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kate Colette Tatham ◽

Kieran Patrick O'Dea ◽

Rosalba Romano ◽

Hannah Elizabeth Donaldson ◽

Kenji Wakabayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Reperfusion Injury ◽

Lung Transplant ◽

Primary Graft Dysfunction ◽

Graft Dysfunction ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury ◽

Ischaemia Reperfusion ◽

Lung Dysfunction ◽

Post Implantation

RationalePrimary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients derives from the initial, largely leukocyte-dependent, ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Intravascular lung-marginated monocytes have been shown to play key roles in experimental acute lung injury, but their contribution to lung ischaemia-reperfusion injury post transplantation is unknown.ObjectiveTo define the role of donor intravascular monocytes in lung transplant-related acute lung injury and primary graft dysfunction.MethodsIsolated perfused C57BL/6 murine lungs were subjected to warm ischaemia (2 hours) and reperfusion (2 hours) under normoxic conditions. Monocyte retention, activation phenotype and the effects of their depletion by intravenous clodronate-liposome treatment on lung inflammation and injury were determined. In human donor lung transplant samples, the presence and activation phenotype of monocytic cells (low side scatter, 27E10+, CD14+, HLA-DR+, CCR2+) were evaluated by flow cytometry and compared with post-implantation lung function.ResultsIn mouse lungs following ischaemia-reperfusion, substantial numbers of lung-marginated monocytes remained within the pulmonary microvasculature, with reduced L-selectin and increased CD86 expression indicating their activation. Monocyte depletion resulted in reductions in lung wet:dry ratios, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein, and perfusate levels of RAGE, MIP-2 and KC, while monocyte repletion resulted in a partial restoration of the injury. In human lungs, correlations were observed between pre-implantation donor monocyte numbers/their CD86 and TREM-1 expression and post-implantation lung dysfunction at 48 and 72 hours.ConclusionsThese results indicate that lung-marginated intravascular monocytes are retained as a ‘passenger’ leukocyte population during lung transplantation, and play a key role in the development of transplant-associated ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

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