Mesentery — a ‘New’ organ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
J. Calvin Coffey ◽  
Dara Walsh ◽  
Kevin G. Byrnes ◽  
Werner Hohenberger ◽  
Richard J. Heald

The mesentery is the organ in which all abdominal digestive organs develop, and which maintains these in systemic continuity in adulthood. Interest in the mesentery was rekindled by advancements of Heald and Hohenberger in colorectal surgery. Conventional descriptions hold there are multiple mesenteries centrally connected to the posterior midline. Recent advances first demonstrated that, distal to the duodenojejunal flexure, the mesentery is a continuous collection of tissues. This observation explained how the small and large intestines are centrally connected, and the anatomy of the associated peritoneal landscape. In turn it prompted recategorisation of the mesentery as an organ. Subsequent work demonstrated the mesentery remains continuous throughout development, and that abdominal digestive organs (i.e. liver, spleen, intestine and pancreas) develop either on, or in it. This relationship is retained into adulthood when abdominal digestive organs are directly connected to the mesentery (i.e. they are ‘mesenteric' in embryological origin and anatomical position). Recognition of mesenteric continuity identified the mesenteric model of abdominal anatomy according to which all abdominal abdomino-pelvic organs are organised into either a mesenteric or a non-mesenteric domain. This model explains the positional anatomy of all abdominal digestive organs, and associated vasculature. Moreover, it explains the peritoneal landscape and enables differentiation of peritoneum from the mesentery. Increased scientific focus on the mesentery has identified multiple vital or specialised functions. These vary across time and in anatomical location. The following review demonstrates how recent advances related to the mesentery are re-orientating the study of human biology in general and, by extension, clinical practice.

2021 ◽  
pp. 016001762199463
Author(s):  
Peter W. J. Batey ◽  
Geoffrey J. D. Hewings

This paper focuses on progress in achieving greater integration between demographic and economic components in system-wide modeling. It underlines the importance of Czamanski’s Baltimore model as well as other influential research based on the two-sector economic base model, before proceeding to review more complex, spatially-disaggregated economy-wide models. The subsequent work of Ledent, Schinnar and others is presented as the foundation for some important initiatives that centered on the Batey-Madden model and its derivatives. Attention is directed to some recent advances in the Batey-Madden model and subsequent work addressing household heterogeneity in the context of income formation and distribution associated with contributions by Miyazawa. The paper explores some avenues for integration of activity analysis and household disaggregation based on income, age or skill endowments to enhance the understanding of the role that households play in the economy.


2018 ◽  
pp. x-xxv
Author(s):  
J. Alberto Neder ◽  
Pierantonio Laveneziana ◽  
Susan A. Ward ◽  
Paolo Palange

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hongyun Huang

Time is infinite movement in constant motion. We are glad to see that Neurorestoratology, a new discipline, has grown into a rich field involving many global researchers in recent years. In this 2019 yearbook of Neurorestoratology, we introduce the most recent advances and achievements in this field, including findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, neurorestorative mechanisms, and clinical therapeutic achievements globally. Many patients have benefited from treatments involving cell therapies, neurostimulation/neuromodulation, brain–computer interface, neurorestorative surgery or pharmacy, and many others. Clinical physicians can refer to this yearbook with the latest knowledge and apply it to clinical practice.


Axial spondyloarthritis is a relatively new term, now becoming widely accepted in clinical practice, referring to inflammatory disease predominantly of the spine where the main symptom is back pain. The most common subset of AxSpA is ankylosing spondylitis. This is a rapidly evolving field with new diagnostic criteria and treatments, which are likely to evolve further. This book covers the significant recent advances in the epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, classification, and treatment of this disabling disease, from a truly global perspective.


2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. i32-i33
Author(s):  
A. Grzywacz ◽  
A. Jasiewicz ◽  
I. Malecka ◽  
A. Suchanecka ◽  
J. Samochowiec ◽  
...  

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