Auditory Temporal Processing Performance of Young Adults With Reading Disorders

The present study investigated the temporal processing abilities of college students with diagnosed reading disorders. A behavioral test battery was used that involved discrimination of the pattern of presentation of tone triads in which individual components differed in either frequency or duration. An additional test involving measurement of frequency difference limens for long- and short-duration tones was also administered. The college students with reading disorders exhibited significantly higher error rates in discriminating duration patterns than the normal reading group. No group differences were found for the frequency pattern discrimination task. Both groups exhibited larger frequency difference limens with the shorter 20- and 50-ms tones than with the 200-ms tones. Significant correlations were found between reading ability measures and temporal processing abilities, specifically in word recognition and duration pattern processing, suggesting a relationship between lower level auditory temporal processing skills and decoding efficiency.

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The Role of Visual and Auditory Temporal Processing in Reading Irregular and Nonsense Words

Perception ◽

10.1068/p3025 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1127-1142 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Agnes Au ◽

Bill Lovegrove

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Auditory Processing ◽

Reading Ability ◽

Word Reading ◽

Nonsense Word ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Irregular Word ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing

In the present study, the role of rapid visual and auditory temporal processing in reading irregular and nonsense words was investigated with a group of normal readers. One hundred and five undergraduates participated in various visual and auditory temporal-processing tasks. Readers who primarily adopted the phonological route in reading (nonsense-word readers) showed a trend for better auditory temporal resolution but readers who primarily adopted sight word skills (irregular-word readers) did not exhibit better visual temporal resolution. Both the correlation and stepwise multiple-regression analyses, however, revealed a relationship between visual temporal processing and irregular-word reading as well as a relationship between auditory temporal processing and nonsense-word reading. The results support the involvement of visual and auditory processing in reading irregular and nonsense words respectively, and were discussed with respect to recent findings that only dyslexics with phonological impairment will display temporal deficits. Further, the temporal measures were not effective discriminants for the reading groups, suggesting a lack of association between reading ability and the choice of reading strategy.

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Reference values of selected auditory temporal processing tests for Polish school children

Otolaryngologia Polska ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.4366 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Elżbieta Włodarczyk ◽

Agata Szkiełkowska ◽

Adam Piłka

Keyword(s):

Reference Values ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Auditory Processing ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Normative Values ◽

Auditory Information ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Frequency Pattern ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing ◽

Sound Sensitivity

Introduction: Distorted processing of auditory information has a negative impact on the child’s cognitive development. There are only a few studies conducted by Polish researchers determining the normative values of psychoacoustic tests in auditory processing disorders. They are inconsistent due to different methodologies and different research protocols. Objective: The aim of the work was to determine the reference values of selected psychoacoustic tests for the population of Polish children between 7 and 12 years of age. Material and method: The study group consisted of 213 healthy children from 7 to 12 years of age. The condition for including the child in the study was an intellectual norm, proper sound sensitivity, proper development of children’s voice and speech. All children underwent two auditory temporal processing tests. The diagnostic procedure used a standardized Frequency Pattern Test (FPT) and Duration Pattern Test (DPT). The tests were carried out in accordance with the authors' recommendations, using the original versions available on the CD for 60 dB SL intensity, simultaneously for the right and left ear. Results: The reference values for FPT and DPT tests were determined at various age ranges in children aged 7-12. It has been shown that auditory functions change with age and development of the child. Reference values including age, language, cultural and educational differences were prepared. Conclusions: The development of reference values for individual tests for the Polish children population is a key element in the reliable diagnosis of auditory processing.

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Auditory Temporal Acuity in Normally Achieving and Learning-Disabled College Students

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3501.148 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 148-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Betty U. Watson

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Reading Disability ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

The Other ◽

Temporal Acuity ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing ◽

Normally Achieving ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Reading Disabled

Recent research has suggested that deficits in several metalinguistic/phonological abilities, such as short-term verbal memory and phoneme segmentation, may be etiologic factors in specific reading disability, and it has been speculated that these weaknesses may result from a more fundamental deficit in the processing of temporal, auditory stimuli. This study examined the auditory temporal processing skills of reading-disabled, math-disabled, and normally achieving college students. The math-disabled group was included to control for the possibility that poor temporal processing is a "marker" variable for learning disability rather than being related specifically to reading disability. Subjects were assessed on a battery of psychophysical tasks that included five tests of temporal processing. The reading-disabled group performed significantly more poorly on the temporal tasks but performed as well as the other groups on the simple pitch and loudness discrimination tasks. In spite of the significant difference on the temporal tasks, the majority of reading-disabled subjects performed within the same range as the subjects in the other two groups, and there were also some normally reading subjects who performed poorly on the temporal processing tasks. These findings suggest that poor temporal processing is neither a necessary nor a sufficient cause of reading disability, but that there is a modest association between the two domains.

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Temporal Factors and Speech Recognition Performance in Young and Elderly Listeners

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.3606.1276 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1276-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 259

Author(s):

Sandra Gordon-Salant ◽

Peter J. Fitzgibbons

Keyword(s):

Speech Recognition ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Duration Discrimination ◽

Related Factors ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing ◽

Percent Correct ◽

Hearing Sensitivity ◽

Age Related ◽

Processing Abilities

This study investigated factors that contribute to deficits of elderly listeners in recognizing speech that is degraded by temporal waveform distortion. Young and elderly listeners with normal hearing sensitivity and with mild-to-moderate, sloping sensorineural hearing losses were evaluated. Low-predictability (LP) sentences from the Revised Speech Perception in Noise test (R-SPIN) (Bilger, Nuetzel, Rabinowitz, & Rzeczkowski, 1984) were presented to subjects in undistorted form and in three forms of distortion: time compression, reverberation, and interruption. Percent-correct recognition scores indicated that age and hearing impairment contributed independently to deficits in recognizing all forms of temporally distorted speech. In addition, subjects’ auditory temporal processing abilities were assessed on duration discrimination and gap detection tasks. Canonical correlation procedures showed that some of the suprathreshold temporal processing measures, especially gap duration discrimination, contributed to the ability to recognize reverberant speech. The overall conclusion is that age-related factors other than peripheral hearing loss contribute to diminished speech recognition performance of elderly listeners.

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Influence of memory, attention, IQ and age on auditory temporal processing tests: preliminary study

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/2014494in ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 105-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristina Ferraz Borges Murphy ◽

Elaine Cristina Zachi ◽

Daniela Tsubota Roque ◽

Dora Selma Fix Ventura ◽

Eliane Schochat

Keyword(s):

Temporal Resolution ◽

Temporal Processing ◽

Digit Span ◽

Visual Modality ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Frequency Pattern ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing ◽

Test Digit ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Attention Memory

PURPOSE: To investigate the existence of correlations between the performance of children in auditory temporal tests (Frequency Pattern and Gaps in Noise - GIN) and IQ, attention, memory and age measurements. METHOD: Fifteen typically developing individuals between the ages of 7 to 12 years and normal hearing participated in the study. Auditory temporal processing tests (GIN and Frequency Pattern), as well as a Memory test (Digit Span), Attention tests (auditory and visual modality) and intelligence tests (RAVEN test of Progressive Matrices) were applied. RESULTS: Significant and positive correlation between the Frequency Pattern test and age variable were found, which was considered good (p<0.01, 75.6%). There were no significant correlations between the GIN test and the variables tested. CONCLUSIONS: Auditory temporal skills seem to be influenced by different factors: while the performance in temporal ordering skill seems to be influenced by maturational processes, the performance in temporal resolution was not influenced by any of the aspects investigated.

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Relationship between Verbal and Nonverbal Tests of Auditory Temporal Processing

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1723042 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marni Novick ◽

Jay R. Lucker

Keyword(s):

Temporal Processing ◽

Auditory Processing ◽

Gap Detection ◽

Auditory Temporal Processing ◽

Verbal Stimuli ◽

Processing Abilities ◽

Nonverbal Measures ◽

Auditory Processes ◽

Pearson Correlations ◽

Verbal Measure

Abstract Background Audiologists may choose to evaluate auditory temporal processing in assessing auditory processing abilities. Some may decide to use measures of nonverbal stimuli such as tonal or noise gap detection. Others may decide to use verbal measures such as time compressed sentences (TCS). Many may choose to use both. Purpose Since people typically come to audiologists for auditory processing testing complaining of problems processing verbal stimuli, the question arises whether measures of nonverbal stimuli provide evidence regarding a person's abilities to processing verbal stimuli. That is, are there significant correlations between measures of verbal stimuli and nonverbal stimuli that are used to evaluate auditory temporal processing? Research Design The present investigation is an exploratory study using file review of 104 people seen for routine auditory processing evaluations by the authors. Study Sample A file review was completed based on data from 104 people seen for auditory processing evaluations. Data Collection and Analyses The data from these 104 files were used to evaluate whether there are any correlations between verbal and nonverbal measures of auditory temporal processing. The verbal measure used was the TCS subtest of the SCAN-3 while the nonverbal measures included the gap detection screening from the SCAN-3 as well as the gaps-in-noise measures. Results from these tests were compared to determine whether any significant correlations were found based on results from Pearson product moment correlational analyses. Results None of the nonverbal measures were found to have a significant correlation with the TCS test findings based on the Pearson correlations used to analyze the data. Conclusion Results indicate that there are no significant correlations (relationships) between measures of auditory temporal processing using nonverbal stimuli versus verbal stimuli based on the tests used in the present investigation. These findings lead to a conclusion that tests using nonverbal stimuli are measuring different auditory processes than the measure of verbal stimuli used in the present investigation. Since people typically come complaining about understanding verbal input, it is concluded that audiologists should use some verbal measure of auditory temporal processing in their auditory processing test battery.

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