Rasch Modeling of Revised Token Test Performance: Validity and Sensitivity to Change

Abstract Objective The Boston Naming Test (BNT) is a lexical-retrieval task. It has been documented that those with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have reduced performance on the BNT. Bilingualism is also known to impact BNT performances. We examined the relationship of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performances. Method The sample (N = 95) consisted of 36 healthy controls (19 bilingual; 17 monolingual), 32 acute TBI participants (12 bilingual; 20 monolingual), and 27 chronic TBI participants (16 bilingual; 11 monolingual). Acute TBI participants were tested 6 months post-injury and chronic TBI participants were tested 12 months or more post-injury. All participants passed performance validity testing. A 3X2 ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism on BNT performance. Results A main effect was found for group (i.e., control, 6 month TBI, and 12 month TBI), p < .001, ηp² = .21. Pairwise comparisons revealed that acute TBI participants performed worse than the control and chronic TBI groups. A main effect for bilingualism/ monolingualism was found, p < .001, ηp² = .14; monolinguals performed better on the BNT. No interactions were found between TBI and bilingualism/monolingualism. Conclusions BNT performance improves overtime in TBI and the pattern of improvement post-TBI is not statistically different between bilingual/monolingual groups. Relative to monolinguals, bilingual participants demonstrated worse BNT performance.

Download Full-text

Token test performance by dyslexic adolescents

Brain and Language ◽

10.1016/0093-934x(83)90017-2 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 224-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Catherine C Whitehouse

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Token Test

Download Full-text

Finger Tapping Test Performance as a Measure of Performance Validity

The Clinical Neuropsychologist ◽

10.1080/13854046.2014.907583 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 876-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Bradley N. Axelrod ◽

John E. Meyers ◽

Jeremy J. Davis

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Finger Tapping ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Finger Tapping Test ◽

Measure Of Performance

Download Full-text

Convergent, Discriminant, and Concurrent Validity of Nonmemory-Based Performance Validity Tests

Assessment ◽

10.1177/1073191118804874 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 1399-1415 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Troy A. Webber ◽

Edan A. Critchfield ◽

Jason R. Soble

Keyword(s):

Test Performance ◽

Digit Span ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Test Validity ◽

Choice Test ◽

Word Choice ◽

Performance Validity ◽

Adult Intelligence Scale ◽

Validity Tests ◽

Performance Validity Tests

To supplement memory-based Performance Validity Tests (PVTs) in identifying noncredible performance, we examined the validity of the two most commonly used nonmemory-based PVTs—Dot Counting Test (DCT) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth edition (WAIS-IV) Reliable Digit Span (RDS)—as well as two alternative WAIS-IV Digit Span (DS) subtest PVTs. Examinees completed DCT, WAIS-IV DS, and the following criterion PVTs: Test of Memory Malingering, Word Memory Test, and Word Choice Test. Validity groups were determined by passing 3 (valid; n = 69) or failing ⩾2 (noncredible; n = 30) criterion PVTs. DCT, RDS, RDS–Revised (RDS-R), and WAIS-IV DS Age-Corrected Scaled Score (ACSS) were significantly correlated (but uncorrelated with memory-based PVTs). Combining RDS, RDS-R, and ACSS with DCT improved classification accuracy (particularly for DCT/ACSS) for detecting noncredible performance among valid-unimpaired, but largely not valid-impaired examinees. Combining DCT with ACSS may uniquely assess and best supplement memory-based PVTs to identify noncredible neuropsychological test performance in cognitively unimpaired examinees.

Download Full-text

Evaluating Part V of the German version of the Token Test as a screening of specific language impairment in preschoolers

Applied Psycholinguistics ◽

10.1017/s0142716419000493 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 237-258

Author(s):

Michaela Schmoeger ◽

Matthias Deckert ◽

Brigitte Eisenwort ◽

Benjamin Loader ◽

Annemarie Hofmair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Language Impairment ◽

Test Performance ◽

Specific Language Impairment ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Receptive Language ◽

Attention And Memory ◽

German Version ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Specific Language ◽

Token Test

AbstractSpecific language impairment (SLI) is a very common childhood disorder that is characterized by impairments in expressive and/or receptive language regarding different modalities. Part V of the German version of the Token Test was evaluated as a potential screening tool for the early detection of SLI. Forty-five male and 16 female monolingual native German-speaking preschoolers with SLI (4–6 years) and 61 age- and gender-matched typically developing controls were examined with a German version of the Token Test and an established intelligence measure. Token Test performance was significantly worse in preschoolers with SLI including greater group differences at age 4 than at ages 5 and 6. Analyses showed a detection rate of 77% for Part V of the Token Test in the whole sample as well as 85.1% at age 4, 80.6% at age 5, and a nonsignificant detection at age 6. Correctly detected preschoolers with SLI showed significantly worse performance than typically developing controls regarding nonverbal and verbal intelligence, numeracy, problem solving, working memory, visual attention, and memory. Children with SLI show worse Token Test performance, whereas at ages 4 and 5, Part V of the Token Test could potentially serve as a screening tool for the detection of SLI.

Download Full-text