Effects of Context Type on Lipreading and Listening Performance and Implications for Sentence Processing

Purpose This study compared the use of 2 different types of contextual cues (sentence based and situation based) in 2 different modalities (visual only and auditory only). Method Twenty young adults were tested with the Illustrated Sentence Test (Tye-Murray, Hale, Spehar, Myerson, & Sommers, 2014) and the Speech Perception in Noise Test (Bilger, Nuetzel, Rabinowitz, & Rzeczkowski, 1984; Kalikow, Stevens, & Elliott, 1977) in the 2 modalities. The Illustrated Sentences Test presents sentences with no context and sentences accompanied by picture-based situational context cues. The Speech Perception in Noise Test presents sentences with low sentence-based context and sentences with high sentence-based context. Results Participants benefited from both types of context and received more benefit when testing occurred in the visual-only modality than when it occurred in the auditory-only modality. Participants' use of sentence-based context did not correlate with use of situation-based context. Cue usage did not correlate between the 2 modalities. Conclusions The ability to use contextual cues appears to be dependent on the type of cue and the presentation modality of the target word(s). In a theoretical sense, the results suggest that models of word recognition and sentence processing should incorporate the influence of multiple sources of information and recognize that the 2 types of context have different influences on speech perception. In a clinical sense, the results suggest that aural rehabilitation programs might provide training to optimize use of both kinds of contextual cues.

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Can Behavioral Speech-In-Noise Tests Improve the Quality of Hearing Aid Fittings?

Perspectives on Audiology ◽

10.1044/poa7.1.8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

Robert Moore ◽

Susan Gordon-Hickey

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Speech Perception ◽

Performance Test ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Speech Perception In Noise ◽

Speech In Noise ◽

Acceptable Noise Level ◽

Perceptual Performance ◽

Noise Test

The purpose of this article is to propose 4 dimensions for consideration in hearing aid fittings and 4 tests to evaluate those dimensions. The 4 dimensions and tests are (a) working memory, evaluated by the Revised Speech Perception in Noise test (Bilger, Nuetzel, & Rabinowitz, 1984); (b) performance in noise, evaluated by the Quick Speech in Noise test (QSIN; Killion, Niquette, Gudmundsen, Revit, & Banerjee, 2004); (c) acceptance of noise, evaluated by the Acceptable Noise Level test (ANL; Nabelek, Tucker, & Letowski, 1991); and (d) performance versus perception, evaluated by the Perceptual–Performance test (PPT; Saunders & Cienkowski, 2002). The authors discuss the 4 dimensions and tests in the context of improving the quality of hearing aid fittings.

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Speech Perception in Noise Test

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t31934-000 ◽

1977 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. N. Kalikow ◽

K. N. Stevens ◽

L. L. Elliot

Keyword(s):

Speech Perception ◽

Speech Perception In Noise ◽

Noise Test

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An evaluation of the speech perception in noise test

South African Journal of Communication Disorders ◽

10.4102/sajcd.v33i1.326 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucille P. Dickens ◽

Callum M. Delaney

Keyword(s):

Speech Perception ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Speech Perception In Noise ◽

Presentation Level ◽

Noise Test

The effects of presentation level and signal-to-babble ratio (S/B) on SPIN performance were investigated for eighty normal hearing listeners. Both intensity and S/B had a significant effect on scores. Performance improved at the more favourable S/B regardless of presentation level, and scores were better at the lower presentation level regardless of S/B. Possible clinical applications of the SPIN test are discussed.

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Perception of Synthesized Audible and Visible Speech

Psychological Science ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9280.1990.tb00068.x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 55-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Dominic W. Massaro ◽

Michael M. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Speech Perception ◽

Visual Information ◽

Optimal Algorithm ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Visible Speech ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

Categorical Information ◽

Fuzzy Logical Model ◽

Jaw Position ◽

Combining Information

The research reported in this paper uses novel stimuli to study how speech perception is influenced by information presented to ear and eye. Auditory and visual sources of information (syllables) were synthesized and presented in isolation or in factorial combination. A five-step continuum between the syllables ibal and idal was synthesized along both auditory and visual dimensions, by varying properties of the syllable at its onset. The onsets of the second and third formants were manipulated in the audible speech. For the visible speech, the shape of the lips and the jaw position at the onset of the syllable were manipulated. Subjects’ identification judgments of the test syllables presented on videotape were influenced by both auditory and visual information. The results were used to test between a fuzzy logical model of speech perception (FLMP) and a categorical model of perception (CMP). These tests indicate that evaluation and integration of the two sources of information makes available continuous as opposed to just categorical information. In addition, the integration of the two sources appears to be nonadditive in that the least ambiguous source has the largest impact on the judgment. The two sources of information appear to be evaluated, integrated, and identified as described by the FLMP-an optimal algorithm for combining information from multiple sources. The research provides a theoretical framework for understanding the improvement in speech perception by hearing-impaired listeners when auditory speech is supplemented with other sources of information.

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Native and Non-Native Listeners Perceptual Judgement of English Accentedness, Intelligibility, and Acceptability of Indonesian Speakers

Lingua Cultura ◽

10.21512/lc.v13i1.5362 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Syifa' Khuriyatuz Zahro

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Speech Perception ◽

Foreign Accent ◽

Speech Perception In Noise ◽

Correlation Test ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Accented Speech ◽

Perceptual Judgement ◽

Noise Test ◽

Nonnative Listeners

This research aimed at investigating the extent of accentedness and intelligibility as well as the acceptability of Indonesian foreign-accented speech perceived by native and non-native listeners, as well as finding their correlation to each other. It used qualitative research. The participant of the research was selected using purposive sampling. The participants were divided into speakers and listeners. There are six speakers and four listeners selected. The four listeners were native and nonnative listeners who rated and transcribed six recorded reading of Indonesian speakers by means of SPIN (Speech Perception in Noise) test. The results show that native listeners rate the speech almost the same way as non-native listeners do. The speeches with clear and accurate pronunciation are rated highly accepted and fully intelligible, regardless of having a very strong accent. In contrast, less clear and accurate pronunciations, as well as a very strong accent of the speeches, are rated unacceptable and still reasonably intelligible. The result of the correlation test between accentedness and intelligibility as well as accentedness and acceptability of the accent finds on no account of correlation to each other. Therefore, accentedness and intelligibility plus accentedness and acceptability of the accent are independent, so that strong foreign accent could stay acceptable and intelligible. The factors found to influence the judgment are the familiarity of the accent, clarity, and accuracy of pronunciation. Aforementioned findings have implication to challenge English teachers in Indonesia to develop meaningful activities to teach English pronunciation accurately to be regarded as fully intelligible and acceptable by listeners, especially native English listeners.

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