Meta-Analysis of the Influence of Instructional Media on Speaking Learning

This research analyzed several related studies focusing on instructional media or learning materials and speaking learning that emphasized the development of the media for the learning activity. Employing a meta-analysis method, this research explored several national journal articles. Meta-analysis was a quantitative study, given its characteristics utilize statistical calculation for a practical purpose, i.e., arranging and extracting information from many data where the process could not be performed using other methods. This meta-analysis research was aimed at identifying the validity level of each data collection. Based on the results, the research concludes that instructional media development for learning speaking activities will be effective if the media are applied in universities. From the perspective of learning materials, the media will be helpful if all of the contents are applied in a book used for the learning process. This is because the teacher’s book summarized everything that a teacher needed for the class, thus allowing successful and directed learning stages and more accurate accomplishment of learning objectives. From the aspect of learning, the speaking skills should focus on the types of conversation, concerning the basic level of speaking proficiency in a foreign language learning is more efficacious than the skills needed in a conversation.

Strategies Applied in Translating Information Technology (IT) Terms in Manual Books: Iphone 12 Pro and Samsung S20 FE

This research focused on the translation of technological terms from English into Indonesian in the translation of the manual book of iPhone 12 Pro and Samsung S20 FE. Descriptive The descriptive-analytical study was employed in this research. Then Chesterman’s translation strategies were used to find out how Information Technology (IT) terms were translated from English into Indonesian. The research finds that four translation strategies are used to translate the manual book of the iPhone 12 Pro and Samsung S20 FE from English into Indonesian. From the total 60 data, the four strategies are loan (35 data), calque (11 data), unit shift (13 data), and the least used strategies are information change (1 data). It can be concluded that the most frequently used strategies are loan (35 data), while the least used strategies are information change (1 data).

Cultural Representation in EFL Textbooks for the Seventh Graders: A Multimodal Analysis

This research aimed to investigate the types of cultures represented in the EFL textbooks for the seventh graders. Two EFL textbooks were analyzed: ‘When English Rings a Bell’ and ‘English on Sky 1’. This research used qualitative content analysis as method of research and applied Kress and van Leeuwen’s multimodal social semiotic approach as the technique of analyzing the data. The result reveals that imbalances in the representation of cultural types exist. Source culture is represented more dominantly compared to target and international culture. It implies that both the authors and the publishers of the textbooks prioritize the learners’ identities construction and characters education rather than focus on the use of language as the lingua franca. Consequently, it could constrain the opportunities for learners to acquire international cultural knowledge and become successful intercultural communicators. Therefore, English teachers need to take an active role in selecting appropriate textbooks and adding supplementary materials or activities to patch up the shortcomings of the textbooks.

Cultural Intelligence of Foreign Language Lecturers: A Measurement towards Global Competence

This research measured the cultural quotient (CQ) of foreign language lecturers at Bina Nusantara University. Two major research strategies were applied in this research: (1) qualitative approach through the interview, and (2) quantitative approach through CQ scale measurement. Firstly, the CQ scale developed by Ang et al. was tested on ten lecturers. Modifications were made to some test items to suit the context of foreign language teaching. Through the questionnaire, the analysis shows the mean and standard deviation of the overall test at M = 5,19 and SD = 1,7. For each domain of the scale, the analysis indicates that M = 5,16 SD = 1,75 occurs for metacognitive domain, M = 4,4 and SD = 1,57 occurs for cognitive domain; M = 5,4 and SD = 1,6 occurs for motivational domain; and M = 5,5 and SD = 1,8 occurs for behavioral domain. Among ten lecturers, eight lecturers are considered to have high CQ, one lecturer to be medium CQ, and one lecturer to be low CQ. A further bivariate correlation analysis is then conducted to see the relationship between CQ lecturer’s background. The statistical data indicates no significant correlation found between CQ results and lecturer’s age (r = -0,575), time spent living abroad (r = -0,862), and time spent for teaching foreign language (r = -0,644). However, the further interview reveals that the experience of having relatives in a foreign country and living in a diverse cultural group shape lecturers’ paradigm in language teaching.

Critical Discourse Analysis on Representation of Racism and Solidarity in Adidas's Tweets

The research aimed to analyze how Adidas uses Twitter to convey messages about racism and solidarity in its tweets. Methodologically, the research applied a descriptive qualitative study on the representation of racism in Adidas’s tweets involving (1) what are the themes of discourses that represent racism and solidarity in Adidas’s tweets? (2) What is the representation of racism and solidarity in Adidas’s tweets? And (3) What are the meanings of Adidas’s tweets? Twelve tweets from Adidas were collected, coded, analyzed, and described using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). It was an effective method for deconstructing the identity of Twitter users to make arguments on the themes exposed during coding. The research findings reveal that the declarative statement and humanitarian as the most themes in Adidas’s tweets are the ones that give straightforward and positive messages to Twitter users and followers. The findings also indicate firm and meaningful tweets for Adidas to speak out against racism and spread solidarity through Twitter. However, those tweets also give the messages about their commitment to always supporting the black community, their black employees, the Asian community, and the Black Lives Matter event to embody valuable and eternal change through solidarity, unity, and commitment against racism.

Depiction of Raden Joko Kaiman as a Superhero Using Barthes’ Semiotics

This research tried to reveal the denotative and connotative meaning of Raden Joko Kaiman in Banyumas culture. Historically, Banyumas regency was founded by Raden Joko Kaiman in 1582. As the founding father of Banyumas regency, Raden Joko Kaiman could be semiotically interpreted as a superhero in the context of Banyumas. Based on Barthes, anything could be a sign. Raden Joko Kaiman in Barthes’ semiotic perspective could function as a sign since this figure could have both denotative and connotative meanings. Barthes’ semiotic theory investigated the process of reading signs and their interpretation by different cultures or societies. Barthes considered sign as both signifier the physical form of the sign as people perceived it through their sense and signified the interpreted meaning. This research was conducted using qualitative research since it collected reliable data and information through reading, comparing, and analyzing text by relating them to Banyumas context. There are four denotative meanings carried by this sign, namely, the son of Raden Harya Banyak Sosro, the godson of Kiai Mranggi, the son-in-law of Adipati Wargautama, and being Adipati Mrapat. Connotatively, Raden Joko Kaiman is interpreted as courage, strong moral codes, tolerance towards pain, and a great sense of responsibility.

Language Politeness in the Javanese Verb Speech Level

The focus of this research was the use of Javanese verb forms. The problem was studied with a sociolinguistic approach. The object of this research was the selection of Javanese verb forms used by speakers in the Magelang region. The informants were children, adolescents, and adults, both male and female. The informants in this research were 50 Javanese speakers. Data obtained by the technique of listening, recording, and taking notes. The problem was studied using speech component theory and language politeness norms. This research used a qualitative descriptive method. Based on this research, it is known that some children and the younger generation are less able to choose the correct form of verbs related to the level of speech, for example, the words ‘siram’ (bath), ‘tindak’ (go), and ‘mireng’ (hear). These three words should refer to people with whom to speak and be respected, not to describe oneself. Using an inaccurate form of the verb can lead to the assumption that the speaker is impolite. Based on the findings in this research, it is hoped that there will be efforts, both in the domain of families, schools, stakeholders, and policymakers, to provide better education to speakers, especially children, and the younger generation. With better education, it is hoped that the younger generation will be able to understand well the proper use of verbs. Incorrect use of the verb form can indicate the impoliteness of the speaker.

Symbols of Heroes in the Indonesian and Chinese Movies

The research aimed to compare a movie with the theme of heroes from Indonesia and China that must contain messages in seeing heroes, hero images, ideology, and even heroic culture the two countries. It explored 20 Indonesian and Chinese films with comparative literary perspectives related to the theme of heroism. The focuses of this research were (1) how could the image of the hero created by the film provide a view of each country’s people’s culture, (2) could the movies provided more detailed information on the policies of each country, (3) how could films strengthen the relationship between Indonesia and China. The approach used in this research was the comparative literary theory of the symbol of heroism that appears in Chinese and Indonesian films. The method used in this research was to use qualitative methods with a comparative literature perspective. The data source from the dialogue in the film “Merah Putih”, “Gie”, “Susi Susanti”, “Soekarno”, “Tanah Surga Katanya”, “3 Srikandi”, “Laskar Pemimpi”, “Guru Bangsa”, “Soegija”, “Jenderal Soedirman”, 攀登者 (The Climbers), 中国机长 (The Captain), 红海行动 (Operation Red Sea), 烈火英雄 (The Bravest),战狼 1 (Wolf Warrior 1), 战狼 2 (Wolf Warrior 2), 建国大业 (The Founding of A Republic), 建党大业 (Beginning of The Great Revival), 建军大业 (The Founding of An Army), 叶问 (IP Man). The data analysis technique used were (1) determining variables, (2) classification, (3) analysis, (4) conclusions. The results show that the symbols of heroism in Indonesian and Chinese films have similarities to the fight against colonialism, injustice, and class. The theme of heroism in the two countries’ films has striking differences, such as Chinese films are more concerned with collective characters’ obligations and interests, the film does not have an element of humor, the theme emphasizes conflicts with other countries. While Indonesia highlights individual characters’ views, movies still include comedy and emphasize domestic problems.

English Language Teachers’ Perspective of Using L1 in TEFL Class

The research discussed the using the first language in teaching a foreign language that had been a debate for language teaching practitioners for decades in language acquisition. The debate was about whether it was all right to use it in a foreign language class or not and how it affected the students’ learning process and result. Because of the pro and cons of using the first language in teaching a foreign language, the research was conducted to find out the use of the first language in teaching English as a foreign language. The research aimed to discover to what extent and in which instances L1 was used by the teachers in their English teaching class in terms of the teaching stages, including pre-teaching, whilst-teaching, and post-teaching in the classroom. The research also searched teachers’ perspectives and reasons for using L1 in their English class. Moreover, the research used a qualitative method to gathered information from the participants. The participants were four English teachers who taught English at senior high school in Bandung-West Java province, Majalengka-West Java province, Pangkal Pinang- Bangka Province, and Kuok-Riau Province. The collections of the data were questionnaires and interviews. The findings show that most teachers use Indonesian as L1 in the whilst-teaching stage when they deliver the materials. They use L1 to clarify the students’ understanding of the materials given and explain English language concepts, grammatical concepts, and difficult words. They argue that using L1 helps both teachers and students in teaching and learning English as a foreign language.

Culture-Shaped Language of Male and Female Writers:

This research would like to investigate how the writers of different genders from different cultures (western or American and Asian) reflected the differences in the language they used in their novels. Although gender differences were known to result from cultural differences, less research had been done in terms of contrasting the gender of different cultures, yet to discuss them in terms of gender roles as writers. This present research aimed to explore the role of gender in constructing language to examine gender stereotypes from a linguistic perspective and describe gender differences in language use. It used a library study as its method, which included several steps of reading the material, collecting and listing the swear words and adjectives used, categorizing the choice of words, and analyzing the choices. The research concludes that culture does contribute to the differences in how swear words are expressed, in which Indonesian writers use fewer swear words and avoid using vulgar words and profanity. In other words, gender differences do not affect adjectives used in Bahasa Indonesia.