scholarly journals Encoding Deficits Impede Word Learning and Memory in Adults With Developmental Language Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2891-2905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla K. McGregor ◽  
Katherine Gordon ◽  
Nichole Eden ◽  
Tim Arbisi-Kelm ◽  
Jacob Oleson

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine whether the word-learning challenges associated with developmental language disorder (DLD) result from encoding or retention deficits. Method In Study 1, 59 postsecondary students with DLD and 60 with normal development (ND) took the California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition, Adult Version (Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000). In Study 2, 23 postsecondary students with DLD and 24 with ND attempted to learn 9 novel words in each of 3 training conditions: uncued test, cued test, and no test (passive study). Retention was measured 1 day and 1 week later. Results By the end of training, students with DLD had encoded fewer familiar words (Study 1) and fewer novel words (Study 2) than their ND peers as evinced by word recall. They also demonstrated poorer encoding as evinced by slower growth in recall from Trials 1 to 2 (Studies 1 and 2), less semantic clustering of recalled words, and poorer recognition (Study 1). The DLD and ND groups were similar in the relative amount of information they could recall after retention periods of 5 and 20 min (Study 1). After a 1-day retention period, the DLD group recalled less information that had been encoded via passive study, but they performed as well as their ND peers when recalling information that had been encoded via tests (Study 2). Compared to passive study, encoding via tests also resulted in more robust lexical engagement after a 1-week retention for DLD and ND groups. Conclusions Encoding, not retention, is the problematic stage of word learning for adults with DLD. Self-testing with feedback lessens the deficit. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5435200

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa F Barcellos ◽  
Kalliope H Bellesis ◽  
Ling Shen ◽  
Xiaorong Shao ◽  
Terrence Chinn ◽  
...  

We used the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II), one component of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS), to determine feasibility of a remote assessment protocol. We compared telephone-administered CVLT-II data from MS patients to data acquired in person from an independent sample of patients and healthy controls. Mixed factor analyses of variance (ANOVAs) showed no significant differences between patient groups, but between-group effects comparing patients and healthy controls were significant. In this study, CVLT-II assessment by conventional in-person and remote telephone assessment yielded indistinguishable results. The findings indicate that telephone-administered CVLT-II is feasible. Further validation studies are underway.


1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Randolph ◽  
James M. Gold ◽  
Elizabeth Kozora ◽  
C. Munro Cullum ◽  
Bruce P. Hermann ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Nadja Gebhardt ◽  
Daniela Roesch Ely

Zusammenfassung. Defizite im verbalen Gedächtnis bei psychotischen Störungen könnten ein definierendes transdiagnostisches Merkmal sein, und in Vorstudien gefundene Unterschiede im Ausmaß dieser könnten auf methodische Effekte zurückgehen. Um dies zu untersuchen, wurden in der vorliegenden Studie Patient*innen mit verschiedenen psychotischen Störungen ( n=145) in einem Verfahren (California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT) verglichen und in einer Diskriminanzanalyse mit Defiziten im verbalen Gedächtnis als Kriterium von einer Vergleichsstichprobe von Patient*innen mit depressiver Störung ( n=89) unterschieden. Es ergibt sich Evidenz für die transdiagnostische Vergleichbarkeit der Defizite im verbalen Gedächtnis, jedoch werden anhand dieser in der Diskriminanzanalyse nur 63 % der Patient*innen korrekt klassifiziert. Dies liegt vor allem daran, dass die Patient*innen mit depressiver Störung ebenfalls unerwartet starke Einbußen zeigen.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document