The Influence of Phonomotor Treatment on Word Retrieval: Insights From Naming Errors

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 4080-4104
Author(s):  
Irene Minkina ◽  
JoAnn P. Silkes ◽  
Lauren Bislick ◽  
Elizabeth Brookshire Madden ◽  
Victoria Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Naming ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
Phonological Change ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Comprehensive Measurement

Purpose An increasing number of anomia treatment studies have coupled traditional word retrieval accuracy outcome measures with more fine-grained analysis of word retrieval errors to allow for more comprehensive measurement of treatment-induced changes in word retrieval. The aim of this study was to examine changes in picture naming errors after phonomotor treatment. Method Twenty-eight individuals with aphasia received 60 hr of phonomotor treatment, an intensive, phoneme-based therapy for anomia. Confrontation naming was assessed pretreatment, immediately posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment for trained and untrained nouns. Responses were scored for accuracy and coded for error type, and error proportions of each error type (e.g., semantic, phonological, omission) were compared: pre- versus posttreatment and pretreatment versus 3 months posttreatment. Results The group of treatment participants improved in whole-word naming accuracy on trained items and maintained their improvement. Treatment effects also generalized to untrained nouns at the maintenance testing phase. Additionally, participants demonstrated a decrease in proportions of omission and description errors on trained items immediately posttreatment. Conclusions Along with generalized improved whole-word naming accuracy, results of the error analysis suggest that a global (i.e., both lexical–semantic and phonological) change in lexical knowledge underlies the observed changes in confrontation naming accuracy following phonomotor treatment.

Effects of structural similarity and name frequency on picture naming in Alzheimer's disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARON L. THOMPSON-SCHILL ◽  
JOHN D. E. GABRIELI ◽  
DEBRA A. FLEISCHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Picture Naming ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Naming Latency ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Confrontation Naming

Impairments to either perceptual or word-retrieval processes have been hypothesized to explain confrontation naming impairments in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study measured the effects of structural similarity, which affects perceptual processing, and name frequency, which affects word retrieval, on naming latency and accuracy in 16 AD patients and 16 age-matched controls. AD patients named pictures more slowly and made more errors than control participants. Their naming accuracy was disproportionately affected by name frequency, but not by structural similarity. The findings indicate that the processing of structural properties of objects is unaffected in early-stage AD, and suggest that word-retrieval impairments underlie the naming deficit in AD. (JINS, 1999, 5, 659–667.)

Quantifying the interplay of semantics and phonology during failures of word retrieval by people with aphasia using a multiplex lexical network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichol Castro ◽  
Massimo Stella ◽  
Cynthia S. Q. Siew
Keyword(s):  
Target Word ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Closeness Centrality ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Network Distance ◽  
Retrieval Processes

Investigating instances where lexical selection fails can lead to deeper insights into the cognitive machinery and architecture supporting successful word retrieval and speech production. In this paper, we utilized a multiplex lexical network approach that combines semantic and phonological similarities among words to model the structure of the mental lexicon. Network measures at different levels of analysis (degree, network distance, and closeness centrality) were used to investigate the influence of network structure on picture naming accuracy and errors by people with Anomic, Broca’s, Conduction, and Wernicke’s aphasia. Our results reveal that word retrieval is influenced by the multiplex lexical network structure in at least two ways – (i) the accuracy of production and error type on incorrect productions were influenced by the degree and closeness centrality of the target word, and (ii) error type also varied in terms of network distance between the target word and produced error word. Taken together, the analyses demonstrate that network science techniques, particularly the use of the multiplex lexical network to simultaneously represent semantic and phonological relationships among words, reveal how the structure of the mental lexicon influences language processes beyond traditionally examined psycholinguistic variables. We propose a framework for how the multiplex network approach allows for understanding the influence of mental lexicon structure on word retrieval processes, with an eye toward a better understanding the nature of clinical impairments like aphasia.

Near-Synonymy and Lexical Choice

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Edmonds ◽  
Graeme Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Grain ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Text Generation ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Choice Process ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lexical Choice ◽  
Ontological Model ◽  
Near Synonyms ◽  
Core Meaning

We develop a new computational model for representing the fine-grained meanings of near-synonyms and the differences between them. We also develop a lexical-choice process that can decide which of several near-synonyms is most appropriate in a particular situation. This research has direct applications in machine translation and text generation. We first identify the problems of representing near-synonyms in a computational lexicon and show that no previous model adequately accounts for near-synonymy. We then propose a preliminary theory to account for near-synonymy, relying crucially on the notion of granularity of representation, in which the meaning of a word arises out of a context-dependent combination of a context-independent core meaning and a set of explicit differences to its near-synonyms. That is, near-synonyms cluster together. We then develop a clustered model of lexical knowledge, derived from the conventional ontological model. The model cuts off the ontology at a coarse grain, thus avoiding an awkward proliferation of language-dependent concepts in the ontology, yet maintaining the advantages of efficient computation and reasoning. The model groups near-synonyms into subconceptual clusters that are linked to the ontology. A cluster differentiates near-synonyms in terms of fine-grained aspects of denotation, implication, expressed attitude, and style. The model is general enough to account for other types of variation, for instance, in collocational behavior. An efficient, robust, and flexible fine-grained lexical-choice process is a consequence of a clustered model of lexical knowledge. To make it work, we formalize criteria for lexical choice as preferences to express certain concepts with varying indirectness, to express attitudes, and to establish certain styles. The lexical-choice process itself works on two tiers: between clusters and between near-synonyns of clusters. We describe our prototype implementation of the system, called I-Saurus.

scholarly journals Perspective-shifts in event descriptions in Tamil child language

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
BHUVANA NARASIMHAN ◽  
MARIANNE GULLBERG
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Lexical Choice ◽  
Complex Patterns

Children are able to take multiple perspectives in talking about entities and events. But the nature of children's sensitivities to the complex patterns of perspective-taking in adult language is unknown. We examine perspective-taking in four- and six-year-old Tamil-speaking children describing placement events, as reflected in the use of a general placement verb (veyyii ‘put’) versus two fine-grained caused posture expressions specifying orientation, either vertical (nikka veyyii ‘make stand’) or horizontal (paDka veyyii ‘make lie’). We also explore whether animacy systematically promotes shifts to a fine-grained perspective. The results show that four- and six-year-olds switch perspectives as flexibly and systematically as adults do. Animacy influences shifts to a fine-grained perspective similarly across age groups. However, unexpectedly, six-year-olds also display greater overall sensitivity to orientation, preferring the vertical over the horizontal caused posture expression. Despite early flexibility, the factors governing the patterns of perspective-taking on events are undergoing change even in later childhood, reminiscent of U-shaped semantic reorganizations observed in children's lexical knowledge. The present study points to the intriguing possibility that mechanisms that operate at the level of semantics could also influence subtle patterns of lexical choice and perspective-shifts.

The Influence of Phonomotor Treatment on Word Retrieval Abilities in 26 Individuals With Chronic Aphasia: An Open Trial

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 798-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane L. Kendall ◽  
Megan Oelke ◽  
Carmel Elizabeth Brookshire ◽  
Stephen E. Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Trial Design ◽  
Multimodal Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Open Trial ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Aphasia Therapy ◽  
Confrontation Naming ◽  
Chronic Aphasia

Purpose The ultimate goal of aphasia therapy should be to achieve gains in function that generalize to untrained exemplars and daily conversation. Anomia is one of the most disabling features of aphasia. The predominantly lexical/semantic approaches used to treat anomia have low potential for generalization due to the orthogonality of semantic and phonologic representations; this has been borne out in a meta-analysis of treatment studies. The intensive, neurally distributed, phonologic therapy reported here can, in principle, generalize to untrained phonologic sequences because of extant regularities in phonologic sequence knowledge and should, in principle, generalize to production of words trained as well as those untrained. Method Twenty-six persons with chronic aphasia due to stroke were treated, in a staggered (immediate vs. delayed treatment) open trial design, with 60 hr of intensive, multimodal therapy designed to enhance access to and efficiency of phonemes and phonologic sequences. Results There was an absolute increase of 5% in confrontation naming of “untrained” nouns at 3 months, and there were 9% to 10% increases on measures of generalization of phonologic processes. Conclusion The results of this trial demonstrate generalization of training effects on laboratory measures, which were sustained at 3 months, and provide support for the theories that motivated the treatment.

scholarly journals Automatische Wortschatzerschließung großer Textkorpora am Beispiel des DWDS

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Geyken
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Text ◽  
Syntactic Parsing ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Lexical Knowledge ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Past ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Machine Readable

In the past years a large number of electronic text corpora for German have been created due to the increased availability of electronic resources. Appropriate filtering of lexical material in these corpora is a particular challenge for computational lexicography since machine readable lexicons alone are insufficient for systematic classification. In this paper we show – on the basis of the corpora of the DWDS – how lexical knowledge can be classified in a more fine-grained way with morphological and shallow syntactic parsing methods. One result of this analysis is that the number of different lemmas contained in the corpora exceeds the number of different headwords of current large monolingual German dictionaries by several times.

scholarly journals The critical role of the ventral temporal lobe in word retrieval

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M Snyder ◽  
Kiefer James Forseth ◽  
Cristian Donos ◽  
Patrick S Rollo ◽  
Simon Fischer-Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Confrontation Naming

Deficits in word retrieval are a hallmark of a variety of neurological illnesses spanning from dementia to traumatic injuries. The role of the dominant temporal lobe in fluent naming has been characterized by lesional analyses, functional imaging, and intracranial recordings, but limitations of each of these measures preclude a clear assessment of which specific constituent of the temporal lobe is critical for naming. We studied a large cohort of patients undergoing surgical resections or laser ablations of the dominant temporal lobe for medically intractable epilepsy (n=95). These techniques are exceedingly effective for seizure control but often result in language declines, particularly in confrontation naming, which can be socio-economically disabling. We used a multivariate voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis to localize brain regions significantly associated with visual object naming deficits. We observed that posterior inferior temporal regions, centered around the middle fusiform gyrus, were significantly associated with a decline in confrontation naming. Furthermore, we found that the posterior margin of anterior temporal lobectomies was linearly correlated to a decline in visual naming with a clinically significant decline occurring once the resection extended 6 cm from the anterior tip of the temporal lobe. We integrated these findings with electrocorticography during naming in a subset of this population and found that the majority of cortical regions whose resection was associated with a significant decline overlapped with regions that were functionally most active prior to articulation. Importantly, these loci coincide with the sites of susceptibility artifacts during echo-planar imaging, which explains why this region has not previously been implicated. Taken together, these data highlight the crucial contribution of the posterior ventral temporal cortex in lexical access and its important role in the pathophysiology of anomia following temporal lobe resections. Surgical strategies, including the use of laser ablation to target the medial temporal lobe as well as microsurgical approaches, should attempt to preserve this region to mitigate postoperative language deficits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document