scholarly journals The critical role of the ventral temporal lobe in word retrieval

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M Snyder ◽  
Kiefer James Forseth ◽  
Cristian Donos ◽  
Patrick S Rollo ◽  
Simon Fischer-Baum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Word Retrieval ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Confrontation Naming

Deficits in word retrieval are a hallmark of a variety of neurological illnesses spanning from dementia to traumatic injuries. The role of the dominant temporal lobe in fluent naming has been characterized by lesional analyses, functional imaging, and intracranial recordings, but limitations of each of these measures preclude a clear assessment of which specific constituent of the temporal lobe is critical for naming. We studied a large cohort of patients undergoing surgical resections or laser ablations of the dominant temporal lobe for medically intractable epilepsy (n=95). These techniques are exceedingly effective for seizure control but often result in language declines, particularly in confrontation naming, which can be socio-economically disabling. We used a multivariate voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis to localize brain regions significantly associated with visual object naming deficits. We observed that posterior inferior temporal regions, centered around the middle fusiform gyrus, were significantly associated with a decline in confrontation naming. Furthermore, we found that the posterior margin of anterior temporal lobectomies was linearly correlated to a decline in visual naming with a clinically significant decline occurring once the resection extended 6 cm from the anterior tip of the temporal lobe. We integrated these findings with electrocorticography during naming in a subset of this population and found that the majority of cortical regions whose resection was associated with a significant decline overlapped with regions that were functionally most active prior to articulation. Importantly, these loci coincide with the sites of susceptibility artifacts during echo-planar imaging, which explains why this region has not previously been implicated. Taken together, these data highlight the crucial contribution of the posterior ventral temporal cortex in lexical access and its important role in the pathophysiology of anomia following temporal lobe resections. Surgical strategies, including the use of laser ablation to target the medial temporal lobe as well as microsurgical approaches, should attempt to preserve this region to mitigate postoperative language deficits.

Stereoelectroencephalographic language mapping of the basal temporal cortex predicts postoperative naming outcome

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chifaou Abdallah ◽  
Hélène Brissart ◽  
Sophie Colnat-Coulbois ◽  
Ludovic Pierson ◽  
Olivier Aron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Language Mapping ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Language Outcome ◽  
Temporal Lobe Resection ◽  
The Individual

OBJECTIVEIn drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, the authors evaluated early and late outcomes for decline in visual object naming after dominant temporal lobe resection (TLR) according to the resection status of the basal temporal language area (BTLA) identified by cortical stimulation during stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG).METHODSTwenty patients who underwent SEEG for drug-resistant TLE met the inclusion criteria. During language mapping, a site was considered positive when stimulation of two contiguous contacts elicited at least one naming impairment during two remote sessions. After TLR ipsilateral to their BTLA, patients were classified as BTLA+ when at least one positive language site was resected and as BTLA− when all positive language sites were preserved. Outcomes in naming and verbal fluency tests were assessed using pre- and postoperative (means of 7 and 25 months after surgery) scores at the group level and reliable change indices (RCIs) for clinically meaningful changes at the individual level.RESULTSBTLA+ patients (n = 7) had significantly worse naming scores than BTLA− patients (n = 13) within 1 year after surgery but not at the long-term evaluation. No difference in verbal fluency tests was observed. When RCIs were used, 5 of 18 patients (28%) had naming decline within 1 year postoperatively (corresponding to 57% of BTLA+ and 9% of BTLA− patients). A significant correlation was found between BTLA resection and naming decline.CONCLUSIONSBTLA resection is associated with a specific and early naming decline. Even if this decline is transient, naming scores in BTLA+ patients tend to remain lower compared to their baseline. SEEG mapping helps to predict postoperative language outcome after dominant TLR.

scholarly journals Word comprehension in temporal cortex and Wernicke area

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. e224-e233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-Marsel Mesulam ◽  
Benjamin M. Rader ◽  
Jaiashre Sridhar ◽  
Matthew J. Nelson ◽  
Jungmoon Hyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Cerebrovascular Lesions ◽  
Core Components

ObjectiveTo explore atrophy–deficit correlations of word comprehension and repetition in temporoparietal cortices encompassing the Wernicke area, based on patients with primary progressive aphasia (PPA).MethodsCortical thickness in regions within and outside the classical Wernicke area, measured by FreeSurfer, was correlated with repetition and single word comprehension scores in 73 right-handed patients at mild to moderate stages of PPA.ResultsAtrophy in the Wernicke area was correlated with repetition (r = 0.42, p = 0.001) but not single word comprehension (r = −0.072, p = 0.553). Correlations with word comprehension were confined to more anterior parts of the temporal lobe, especially its anterior third (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). A single case with postmortem autopsy illustrated preservation of word comprehension but not repetition 6 months prior to death despite nearly 50% loss of cortical volume and severe neurofibrillary degeneration in core components of the Wernicke area.ConclusionsTemporoparietal cortices containing the Wernicke area are critical for language repetition. Contrary to the formulations of classic aphasiology, their role in word and sentence comprehension is ancillary rather than critical. Thus, the Wernicke area is not sufficient to sustain word comprehension if the anterior temporal lobe is damaged. Traditional models of the role of the Wernicke area in comprehension are based almost entirely on patients with cerebrovascular lesions. Such lesions also cause deep white matter destruction and acute network diaschisis, whereas progressive neurodegenerative diseases associated with PPA do not. Conceptualizations of the Wernicke area that appear to conflict, therefore, can be reconciled by considering the hodologic and physiologic differences of the underlying lesions.

scholarly journals The Role of Frontal Cortical and Medial-Temporal Lobe Brain Areas in Learning a Bayesian Prior Belief on Reversals

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (33) ◽  
pp. 11751-11760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony I. Jang ◽  
Vincent D. Costa ◽  
Peter H. Rudebeck ◽  
Yogita Chudasama ◽  
Elisabeth A. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Prior Belief ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Bayesian Prior

scholarly journals Thalamic-Medial Temporal Lobe Connectivity Underpins Familiarity Memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 3827-3837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Kafkas ◽  
Andrew R Mayes ◽  
Daniela Montaldi
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
General Role ◽  
Anterior Thalamus ◽  
Ventrolateral Thalamus ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection

Abstract The neural basis of memory is highly distributed, but the thalamus is known to play a particularly critical role. However, exactly how the different thalamic nuclei contribute to different kinds of memory is unclear. Moreover, whether thalamic connectivity with the medial temporal lobe (MTL), arguably the most fundamental memory structure, is critical for memory remains unknown. We explore these questions using an fMRI recognition memory paradigm that taps familiarity and recollection (i.e., the two types of memory that support recognition) for objects, faces, and scenes. We show that the mediodorsal thalamus (MDt) plays a material-general role in familiarity, while the anterior thalamus plays a material-general role in recollection. Material-specific regions were found for scene familiarity (ventral posteromedial and pulvinar thalamic nuclei) and face familiarity (left ventrolateral thalamus). Critically, increased functional connectivity between the MDt and the parahippocampal (PHC) and perirhinal cortices (PRC) of the MTL underpinned increases in reported familiarity confidence. These findings suggest that familiarity signals are generated through the dynamic interaction of functionally connected MTL-thalamic structures.

scholarly journals The Medial Temporal Lobe Is Critical for Spatial Relational Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1780-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Ruiz ◽  
Michael R. Meager ◽  
Sachin Agarwal ◽  
Mariam Aly
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Attention Tasks ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Attention And Perception

The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is traditionally considered to be a system that is specialized for long-term memory. Recent work has challenged this notion by demonstrating that this region can contribute to many domains of cognition beyond long-term memory, including perception and attention. One potential reason why the MTL (and hippocampus specifically) contributes broadly to cognition is that it contains relational representations—representations of multidimensional features of experience and their unique relationship to one another—that are useful in many different cognitive domains. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the hippocampus/MTL plays a critical role in attention and perception via relational representations. We compared human participants with MTL damage to healthy age- and education-matched individuals on attention tasks that varied in relational processing demands. On each trial, participants viewed two images (rooms with paintings). On “similar room” trials, they judged whether the rooms had the same spatial layout from a different perspective. On “similar art” trials, they judged whether the paintings could have been painted by the same artist. On “identical” trials, participants simply had to detect identical paintings or rooms. MTL lesion patients were significantly and selectively impaired on the similar room task. This work provides further evidence that the hippocampus/MTL plays a ubiquitous role in cognition by virtue of its relational and spatial representations and highlights its important contributions to rapid perceptual processes that benefit from attention.

A8 THE ROLE OF HMPAO IMAGING OF THE PRECUNEUS AND MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE IN SUSPECTED ALZHEIMER??S DISEASE

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 273
Author(s):  
P.M. Kemp ◽  
S.M.A. Hoffmann ◽  
C. Holmes ◽  
A. Ward ◽  
L. Bolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe

scholarly journals Intractable Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) From Tuberculoma; Microneurosurgical Management of by Amygdalohippocampectomy with Lesionectomy Plus Standard Anterior Temporal lobectomy: A Case Report and Short Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Forhad Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammod Raziul Haque ◽  
AFM Momtazul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Venous Malformation ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Complex Partial Seizure ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Presenting Symptoms

Patient presenting as a case of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) are usually resistant to antiepileptic drugs and surgery is the treatment of choice. This type of epilepsy may be due to Mesial Temporal Sclerosis (MTS), tumors [i.e. low grade glioma, Arterio-venous Malformation (AVM) etc], trauma, infection (Tuberculosis) etc. Here we report a case of surgically treated TLE that was due to a large tuberculoma in medial temporal lobe. Intractable epilepsy caused by tuberculoma is rare. The only presenting symptoms was Complex partial seizure (Psychomotor epilepsy) for which the patient underwent scalp EEG (Electro Encephalography) and MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) of brain. The patient was managed by amygdalohippocampectomy with lesionectomy plus standard anterior lobectomy. Postoperatively she was on anti-tubercular therapy and on carbamazepine. The case was seizure and disease free till last follow up. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 106-109

Simultaneous Electroencephalographic and Electocorticographic Recordings of Lateralized Periodic Discharges in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
pp. 155005942097226
Author(s):  
Ayumi Sakata ◽  
Nobutaka Mukae ◽  
Takato Morioka ◽  
Shunya Tanaka ◽  
Takafumi Shimogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Periodic Discharges ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Eeg Pattern

Objective Lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs), which constitute an abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern, are most often observed in critically ill patients with acute pathological conditions, and are less frequently observed in chronic conditions such as focal epilepsies, including temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here we aim to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of LPD in TLE. Methods We retrospectively selected 3 patients with drug-resistant TLE who simultaneously underwent EEG and electrocorticography (ECoG) and demonstrated LPDs. We analyzed the correlation between the EEG and ECoG findings. Results In patients 1 and 2, LPDs were recorded in the temporal region of the scalp during the interictal periods, when repeated spikes followed by slow waves (spike-and-wave complexes; SWs) and periodic discharges (PDs) with amplitudes of >600 to 800 µV appeared in the lateral temporal lobe over a cortical area of >10 cm2. In patient 3, when the ictal discharges persisted and were confined to the medial temporal lobe, repeated SWs were provoked on the lateral temporal lobe. When repeated SWs with amplitudes of >800 µV appeared in an area of the lateral temporal lobe of >10 cm2, the corresponding EEG discharges appeared on the temporal scalp. Conclusions LPDs in patients with TLE originate from repeated SWs and PDs of the lateral temporal lobe, which might represent a highly irritable state of the lateral temporal cortex during both interictal and ictal periods.

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