Knowledge and Awareness of Ear Protection Devices for Sound Sensitivity by Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dorothy Neave-DiToro ◽  
Akiko Fuse ◽  
Michael Bergen
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sound Sensitivity ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Sensitivity to sounds and atypical reactions to sensory input by individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been reported in the literature. In response to this sensitivity, some individuals use ear protection devices (EPDs) such as noise-canceling headphones, earplugs, or earmuffs to attenuate the perceived unpleasant sounds. Given the communication deficits often noted in this population and the essential role of hearing in speech and language development, the impact of wearing EPDs to attenuate sound needs to be explored. The purpose of this study was to obtain information from various stakeholders regarding their opinions about use of EPDs in individuals with ASD and perceived benefits and possible concerns of EPD use. Method A survey was constructed to assess the opinions of speech-language pathologists, audiologists, teachers, and graduate students about EPDs among individuals with ASD. A total of 255 professionals and graduate students completed the survey. Results The vast majority of respondents indicated a level of awareness of EPDs within this population. Regarding observed use of such devices, the majority of participants (66%) reported observing individuals with ASD using EPDs. The most commonly used devices observed were headphones (91%), followed by earmuffs (44%) and earplugs (33%). Respondents who had experience recommending and/or using EPDs with individuals with ASD were asked to report on major reasons why the devices were used and the perceived benefits and possible negative effects. Conclusions There appears to be uncertainty among various stakeholders of the benefits and possible negative effects of EPD use by individuals with ASD. Additionally, there is a dearth of research in this area, and the necessity for specific guidelines for recommending and monitoring EPD use is indicated.

Critical role of dysfunctional mitochondria and defective mitophagy in autism spectrum disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 138-145
Author(s):  
Yuan-Mei Wang ◽  
Ming-Yue Qiu ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Huang Tang ◽  
Hong-Feng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

scholarly journals Mutation analysis of the NRXN1 gene in autism spectrum disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Onay ◽  
D Kacamak ◽  
AN Kavasoglu ◽  
B Akgun ◽  
M Yalcinli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Syndromic Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Reduced Penetrance

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the sequence mutations in the Neurexin 1 (NRXN1) gene that has been considered as one of the strong candidate genes. A total of 30 children and adolescents (aged 3-18) with non syndromic autism were enrolled this study. Sequencing of the coding exons and the exon-intron boundaries of the NRXN1 gene was performed. Two known mutations were described in two different cases. Heterozygous S14L was determined in one patient and heterozygous L748I was determined in another patient. The S14L and L748I mutations have been described in the patients with autism before. Both of these mutations were inherited from their father. In this study, two of 30 (6.7%) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients carrying NRXN1 gene mutations were detected. It indicates that variants in the NRXN1 gene might confer a risk of developing nonsyndromic ASD. However, due to the reduced penetrance in the gene, the causal role of the NRXN1 gene mutations must be evaluated carefully in all cases.

The effect of consumers' religiosity on consumer ethics: the mediating role of ethical ideology

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denni Arli ◽  
Fandy Tjiptono
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Ethics ◽  
Ethical Ideology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Consumer Ethics Scale ◽  
The Impact

PurposeReligious doctrines generally encourage people to behave ethically. However, in daily life, individuals notice inconsistencies between religious beliefs and behavior, leading them to ask, in the context of commerce, why religious consumers would behave unethically. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of consumers' intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity on their ethical behavior. Specifically, the moderating effect of ethical ideology on the relationship between Indonesian consumers' religiosity and their ethics was examined by means of a survey.Design/methodology/approachThe data derived from the questionnaire were complemented by convenience samples of Indonesians living in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) in central Java. The researchers distributed 600 questionnaires in two major shopping malls and several housing areas in the region, of which 467 were completed and returned, for an overall response rate of 77.8%.FindingsThe results indicated that the participants' intrinsic religiosity negatively impacted their ethical beliefs and was mediated by their idealistic ethical ideology. The present study also found that idealism had negative effects on three of the four dimensions of the consumer ethics scale (CES) (actively benefiting, passively benefiting and questionable behavior), while relativism had positive effects on two of the dimensions (passively benefiting and questionable behavior.Research limitations/implicationsOne limitation of the present study was that the analysis did not distinguish among the religions practiced by the respondents to the questionnaire.Originality/valueThis is one of the first few studies investigating the mediating role of ethical ideology in a religious society. This study contributes to the literature on these issues in theoretical and managerial terms by extending the Hunt-Vitell theory (1986) to the context of consumer ethics.

AAP Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Medical Evaluation ◽  
Behavioral Pediatrics ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Speech And Language Development

Developed by leading experts in developmental and behavioral pediatrics, the all-new AAP Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics gives one place to turn for expert recommendations to deliver, coordinate, and/or monitor quality developmental/behavioral care within the medical home. The one resource with all the essentials for pediatric primary care providers. Evaluation and care initiation: Interviewing and counseling, Surveillance and screening, Psychoeducational testing, Neurodevelopmental assessment and medical evaluation. Development and disorders: Motor and cognitive development, Speech and language development and disorders, Social and emotional development, Autism spectrum disorders, Learning disabilities. Management solutions: Psychological interventions, Behavioral interventions, Psychopharmacologic management, Complementary and alternative medicine approaches. Contents: Introduction - Child Development: The Basic Science of Pediatrics, Nature, Nurture and Their Interactions in Child Development and Behavior, Interviewing and Counseling Children and Families, Basics of Child Behavior and Primary Care Management of Common Behavioral Problems, Early Intervention, Developmental and Behavioral Surveillance and Screening Within the Medical Home, Neurodevelopmental Assessment and Medical Evaluation, Developmental and Behavioral Diagnoses: The Spectrum and Continuum of Developmental Disabilities and Behavioral Disorders, Motor Development, Cognitive Development, Speech and Language Development and Disorders, Social and Emotional Development, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Psychoeducational Testing, Learning Disabilities, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Anxiety and Mood Disorders, Evidence-based Psychological and Behavioral Interventions, Principles of Psychopharmacologic Management, Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Sensory Impairments: Hearing and Vision, Social and Community Services, Transition to Adult Medical Care, Billing and Coding for Developmental and Behavioral Problems in Outpatient Primary Care.

scholarly journals Sleep in youth with autism spectrum disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Díaz-Román ◽  
Junhua Zhang ◽  
Richard Delorme ◽  
Anita Beggiato ◽  
Samuele Cortese
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Sleep Alterations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ottawa Scale

BackgroundSleep problems are common and impairing in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Evidence synthesis including both subjective (ie, measured with questionnaires) and objective (ie, quantified with neurophysiological tools) sleep alterations in youth with ASD is currently lacking.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies sleep studies in youth with ASD.MethodsWe searched the following electronic databases with no language, date or type of document restriction up to 23 May 2018: PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase+Embase Classic, Ovid Medline and Web of Knowledge. Random-effects models were used. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics. Publication (small studies) bias was assessed with final plots and the Egger’s test. Study quality was evaluated with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Analyses were conducted using Review Manager and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.FindingsFrom a pool of 3359 non-duplicate potentially relevant references, 47 datasets were included in the meta-analyses. Subjective and objective sleep outcome measures were extracted from 37 and 15 studies, respectively. Only five studies were based on comorbidity free, medication-naïve participants. Compared with typically developing controls, youth with ASD significantly differed in 10/14 subjective parameters and in 7/14 objective sleep parameters. The average quality score in the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was 5.9/9.Discussion and clinical implicationsA number of subjective and, to a less extent, objective sleep alterations might characterise youth with ASD, but future studies should assess the impact of pharmacological treatment and psychiatric comorbidities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document