scholarly journals Speech Movement Variability in People Who Stutter: A Vocal Tract Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Charlotte E. E. Wiltshire ◽  
Mark Chiew ◽  
Jennifer Chesters ◽  
Máiréad P. Healy ◽  
Kate E. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Movement Variability ◽  
Trait Level ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Phonological Complexity

Purpose People who stutter (PWS) have more unstable speech motor systems than people who are typically fluent (PWTF). Here, we used real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the vocal tract to assess variability and duration of movements of different articulators in PWS and PWTF during fluent speech production. Method The vocal tracts of 28 adults with moderate to severe stuttering and 20 PWTF were scanned using MRI while repeating simple and complex pseudowords. Midsagittal images of the vocal tract from lips to larynx were reconstructed at 33.3 frames per second. For each participant, we measured the variability and duration of movements across multiple repetitions of the pseudowords in three selected articulators: the lips, tongue body, and velum. Results PWS showed significantly greater speech movement variability than PWTF during fluent repetitions of pseudowords. The group difference was most evident for measurements of lip aperture using these stimuli, as reported previously, but here, we report that movements of the tongue body and velum were also affected during the same utterances. Variability was not affected by phonological complexity. Speech movement variability was unrelated to stuttering severity within the PWS group. PWS also showed longer speech movement durations relative to PWTF for fluent repetitions of multisyllabic pseudowords, and this group difference was even more evident as complexity increased. Conclusions Using real-time MRI of the vocal tract, we found that PWS produced more variable movements than PWTF even during fluent productions of simple pseudowords. PWS also took longer to produce multisyllabic words relative to PWTF, particularly when words were more complex. This indicates general, trait-level differences in the control of the articulators between PWS and PWTF. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14782092

scholarly journals Dorsal Spinal Ligamentum Flavum Thickening: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarnath Chelladurai ◽  
Suhasini Balasubramaniam ◽  
Sarenya Preyah Anbazhagan ◽  
Sathyan Gnanasihamani ◽  
Sukumar Ramaswami
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ligamentum Flavum ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Compressive Myelopathy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Dorsal Spinal

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>A retrospective radiological study of the ligamentum flavum (LF).</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>We determined the relationship of dorsal spinal LF thickening with age and sex using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We also determined whether LF thickening has a predominant tendency to occur at a specific dorsal level and on a specific side.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>Many researchers have studied LF thickness at dorsal levels in patients with compressive myelopathy. However, there is a dearth of literature pertaining to the study of dorsal LF thickness in patients without myelopathy.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>LF thickness was measured at dorsal levels from T1 to T12 on both sides using MRI in 100 individuals. The patients were divided into three groups based on age: 20 to 40, 41 to 60, and &gt;60 years. On axial T2-weighted imaging at the mid-disc level, LF thickness was measured perpendicular to the lamina border, either at half the length of LF or at maximum thickness, whichever was greater.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We found that LF thickness does not increase significantly with increasing age and there was no significant disparity in LF thickness between the sides and sexes. We also found that there was a significant increase in LF thickness at the T10–T11 level (mean value, 3.27±0.94 mm).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>LF thickness does not appear to have any side/sex dominance. LF thickening has a predominant tendency to occur specifically at the T10–T11 level. This may be due to maximum tensile strength and mobility at this level. Because there is an increased tendency for LF thickening at the T10–T11 level, this may be used as a reference point for counting the vertebral levels.</p></sec>

Cavum septum pellucidum in schizophrenia, affective disorder and healthy controls: a magnetic resonance imaging study

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
George J. Jurjus ◽  
Henry A. Nasrallah ◽  
Stephen C. Olson ◽  
Steven B. Schwarzkopf
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Clinical Difference ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Study

SynopsisMany structural brain abnormalities have been described in schizophrenia, consistent with a neurodevelopmental model for this disease. We report here a study of the cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) in schizophrenia compared to control groups, as well as the clinical correlates of this congenital anomaly in schizophrenia. We conducted a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study to compare rates of CSP in schizophrenia (N = 67) v. psychiatric controls (bipolar and schizoaffective, N = 60) and healthy controls (N = 37). Of the controls 18·9 %, and of all psychotic subjects 18·1 % had a CSP of any size and there was no difference in the frequency of large CSP among the groups. Males had higher rates of CSP than females (25% v. 9·7%, P = 0·01) in all groups. Schizophrenics had higher CSP rates than affective patients (25%, v. 10%, P = 0·02). No clinical difference was found between schizophrenics with or without CSP.

scholarly journals Characterizing Articulation in Apraxic Speech Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hagedorn ◽  
Michael Proctor ◽  
Louis Goldstein ◽  
Stephen M. Wilson ◽  
Bruce Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Speech Errors ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Intrusion Errors

Purpose Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and accompanying analytical methods are shown to capture and quantify salient aspects of apraxic speech, substantiating and expanding upon evidence provided by clinical observation and acoustic and kinematic data. Analysis of apraxic speech errors within a dynamic systems framework is provided and the nature of pathomechanisms of apraxic speech discussed. Method One adult male speaker with apraxia of speech was imaged using real-time MRI while producing spontaneous speech, repeated naming tasks, and self-paced repetition of word pairs designed to elicit speech errors. Articulatory data were analyzed, and speech errors were detected using time series reflecting articulatory activity in regions of interest. Results Real-time MRI captured two types of apraxic gestural intrusion errors in a word pair repetition task. Gestural intrusion errors in nonrepetitive speech, multiple silent initiation gestures at the onset of speech, and covert (unphonated) articulation of entire monosyllabic words were also captured. Conclusion Real-time MRI and accompanying analytical methods capture and quantify many features of apraxic speech that have been previously observed using other modalities while offering high spatial resolution. This patient's apraxia of speech affected the ability to select only the appropriate vocal tract gestures for a target utterance, suppressing others, and to coordinate them in time.

SU-GG-J-164: Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Guidance and Thermal Modeling to Focus Hyperthermia Delivery

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6Part8) ◽  
pp. 2717-2717
Author(s):  
V Stakhursky ◽  
K Cheng ◽  
J MacFall ◽  
P Maccarini ◽  
P Stauffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Thermal Modeling ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Guidance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

A longitudinal conventional and magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging study of optic neuritis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Melzi ◽  
Ma Rocca ◽  
S Bianchi Marzoli ◽  
A Falini ◽  
P Vezzulli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Acute Optic Neuritis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Eleven consecutive patients with a first episode of acute optic neuritis were evaluated, using conventional and magnetization transfer (MT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to assess the temporal evolution of optic nerve (ON) damage and to investigate the correlation of ON damage with visual outcome and electrophysiological parameters. Patients underwent neuro-ophthalmological, neurological, electrophysiological, and MRI assessments at baseline and after three and 12 months. ON volumes were measured on coronal T1–weighted images using a local thresholding segmentation technique. MT ratio (MTR) from the ON was derived from gradient echo images. No significant volume difference was detected between affected and healthy ON, both at baseline and follow-up. At baseline, mean MTR values were significantly higher in affected ON than in healthy ON (P = 0.001), whereas at months 3 and 12, the mean MTR values were significantly reduced in the affected ON (P = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively). Mean MTR of the affected ON, corrected for healthy ON values, progressively decreased over time (P = 0.04 at month 3 and P = 0.0012 at month 12). On the contrary, MTR values of healthy ON remained stable. No correlations were found between MTR measures and clinical or electrophysiological data. This study shows the presence of subtle pathological changes, possibly due to residual demyelination and subsequent additional demyelination and impaired remyelination, in the ON of patients with a first episode of optic neuritis. In the early phase of optic neuritis, MT MRI is more sensitive than atrophy measurements in detecting disease-related changes. Multiple Sclerosis 2007; 13: 265–268. http://msj.sagepub.com

Does collagenase injection disrupt or digest the Dupuytren’s cord: a magnetic resonance imaging study

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Crivello ◽  
H. G. Potter ◽  
E. S. Moon ◽  
S. K. Rancy ◽  
Scott W. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Collagenase Injection ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Full Correction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Collagenase clostridium histolyticum has been extensively studied as a treatment modality for Dupuytren’s contracture. Its mechanism of action has been documented. It is unknown whether injected collagenase weakens the Dupuytren’s cord sufficiently to cause failure during manipulation or if there is digestion and reduction in cord volume. We examined five patients with isolated contractures of the ring or middle metacarpalphalangeal (MP) joint using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to injection with collagenase and again 1 month following injection. All patients had full correction after manipulation which was maintained at follow-up. The Dupuytren’s cord was evaluated with respect to volume, signal intensity, inflammatory changes and continuity. Additionally, signal intensity changes of the flexor tendons and neurovascular structures were recorded. MRI demonstrated cord discontinuity, significant reduction of cord volume and a significant increase in cord signal intensity after treatment with collagenase. There was a slight increase in flexor tendon signal intensity that was not significant. These findings suggest that there may be local chemical dissolution of the cord. Future studies may establish whether or not this will have prognostic implications in terms of correction and recurrence following collagenase injection. Level of evidence: IV

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document