Tone in Thai Alaryngeal Speech

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Gandour ◽  
Bernd Weinberg ◽  
Soranee Holasuit Petty ◽  
Rochana Dardarananda
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Performance Deficit ◽  
Tone Language ◽  
Alaryngeal Speech ◽  
Monosyllabic Words ◽  
Linguistic Tone

The perception and production of linguistic tone was investigated in utterances spoken by Thai alaryngeal speakers. Thai is a tone language with five phonemic tones. High-quality tape recordings of five monosyllabic words produced by 2 esophageal, 1 electrolaryngeal, and 5 normal, native Thai speakers were subjected to perceptual and acoustic analysis. Results from the phonemic identification tests indicated that tones produced by alaryngeal speakers were not only perceived at much lower levels of accuracy than those produced by normal speakers, but the patterns of tonal confusions for alaryngeal speakers were also dissimilar to those for normal speakers. Results from fundamental frequency (F o ) analysis revealed that the performance deficit of alaryngeal speakers could be related to specific characteristics of their F o contours. Findings are interpreted to highlight the importance of (a) language, (b) type of prosody, (c) form of alaryngeal speech, and (d) F o level and direction on linguistic assessments of F o control in alaryngeal speech.

Production of Intonation and Contrastive Stress in Electrolaryngeal Speech

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Gandour ◽  
Bernd Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Western Electric ◽  
Stress Patterns

Acoustical investigations of intonation and contrastive stress patterns in speech produced with electronic artificial larynges were completed. High-quality tape recordings of sentences spoken by 4 normal speakers, 3 users of the Western Electric 5A electrolarynx, and 2 users of the Servox electrolarynx were subjected to acoustic analysis. All electrolarynx users distinguished stressed from unstressed syllables by varying the duration of syllables and contiguous pauses. One Western Electric 5A speaker also controlled fundamental frequency. This speaker distinguished statements from questions by varying the rate and extent of the initial rising portion of fundamental frequency contours. Findings are interpreted in relation to their implications for clinical intervention and in terms of suggestions for improved design of artificial larynges.

Communication of Lexical Tones in Cantonese Alaryngeal Speech

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Y. C. Ching ◽  
Rhys Williams ◽  
Andrew Van Hasselt
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Relative Efficiency ◽  
Voice Rehabilitation ◽  
Tone Language ◽  
Lexical Tones ◽  
Alaryngeal Speech ◽  
Citation Form ◽  
Frequency Variations

Cantonese is a tone language with six lexical tones. Each word has a distinctive tone, signaled by fundamental frequency variations at the syllable level. We investigated the relative efficiency of alaryngeal Cantonese speakers in conveying tonal variations in words in citation form. Isolated tone tokens were produced by three esophageal speakers, two tracheoesophageal speakers, two pneumatic artificial laryngeal speakers, and two electrolaryngeal speakers for perceptual tests. The correct responses from 22 listeners were highest for the pneumatic artificial laryngeal speakers, and could be graded in order of proficiency as esophageal, tracheoesophageal, and electrolaryngeal speakers. These results provide a linguistic perspective for guiding voice rehabilitation and the choice of voice in alaryngeal patients who speak a tone language.

Perception of expressive prosodic speech acts performed in USA english by L1 and L2 speakers

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Donna Erickson ◽  
Albert Rilliard ◽  
João Antônio de Moraes ◽  
Takaaki Shochi
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Frequency Code ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
L1 And L2

Attitudes have been described for different languages, with varying labels or contexts of occurrence for same labels. It renders cross-cultural comparison uncertain. A corpus was designed to bypass these limitations. This paper focuses on USA English produced by L1 and L2 speakers. The best performances in 9 attitudes are used in a forced-choice test, in both audio and visual modalities. Results show that 6 categories group the presented attitudes in coherent sets. The cultural origin affects marginally the categorisation of the expressions. An acoustic analysis of the fundamental frequency and intensity allows to test the predictions of two theoretical propositions – the Frequency code and the Effort code. It concludes to a main coherence of cross-language expressivity, and discusses differences. For negative expressions of imposition, L1 speakers follow the Frequency code – and L1 listeners expect this; L2 speakers use the Effort code in the same situations, leading to confusions in the audio-only modality. Differences for seduction and irony are also discussed.

Characterization of a Non-Interdigitated Comb Drive

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gopanchuk ◽  
Mohamed Arabi ◽  
N. Nelson-Fitzpatrick ◽  
Majed S. Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Eihab Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Factor ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
High Quality Factor ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Comb Drive ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and characterization of non-interdigitated comb drive actuators in Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) wafers, using a single mask surface microma-chining process. The response of the actuator is analyzed numerically and experimentally. The results show at the fundamental frequency; it behaves as a longitudinal comb drive actuator. At a higher frequency, it exhibits a high-quality factor which is appropriate for sensor applications.

Maternal Accommodation in Infant-Directed Speech during Mother's and Twin-Infants' Vocal Interactions

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuko Niwano ◽  
Kuniaki Sugai
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vocal Response ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Fraternal Twin ◽  
Maternal Speech ◽  
Vocal Interactions ◽  
Vocal Fundamental Frequency ◽  
At Home

In this study a mother's instinctive accommodations of vocal fundamental frequency (f0) of infant-directed speech to two different infants was explored. Maternal speech directed to individual 3-mo.-old fraternal twin-infants was subjected to acoustic analysis. Natural samples of infant-directed speech were recorded at home. There were differences in the rate of infants' vocal responses. The mother changed her f0 and patterns of intonation contour when she spoke to each infant. When she spoke to the infant whose vocal response was less frequent than the other infant, she used a higher mean f0 and a rising intonation contour more than when she spoke to the other infant. The result suggested that the mother's speech characteristic is not inflexible and that the mother may use a higher f0 and rising contour as a strategy to elicit an infant's less frequent vocal response.

scholarly journals Intonational Patterns of Nonverbal Vocalizations in People With Dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Samuelsson ◽  
Lars C. Hydén
Keyword(s):  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Pitch Range ◽  
Interactional Pattern ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Nonverbal Vocalizations ◽  
The Mean

Nonverbal vocalizations in dementia are important clinically since they generally have been regarded as disruptive behavior that is disturbing. The aim of the present study is to describe the interactional pattern, including the prosodic package, of nonverbal vocalizations in a participant in a late stage of dementia. The acoustic analysis shows that the vocalizations do not differ significantly from the verbal utterances regarding mean fundamental frequency or pitch range. The mean fundamental frequency, F0, of the utterances from Anna was significantly higher than the mean F0 from the other elderly participants. The analysis demonstrates that there is a singing-like type of vocalizations that does not resemble the previously described patterns of nonverbal vocalizations. This pattern of the nonverbal vocalization does not resemble the intonation of Anna’s verbal utterances. The other participants perceive Anna’s vocalizations as potentially meaningful turns. Nonverbal vocalizations in clinical settings should be taken as communicative contributions.

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty changes fundamental frequency of the voice - a prospective study

2000 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle Brosch ◽  
Christiane Matthes ◽  
Wolfgang Pirsig ◽  
Thomas Verse
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Sleep Study ◽  
Muscle Sparing ◽  
Level I ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Excised Tissue ◽  
The Voice

The aim of the study was to find whether a muscle-sparing uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and tonsillectomy cause a measurable change in the voice. The fundamental frequency and the first two formants of five sustained vowels were measured before and nine (six to 15) months following operation. The operation consisted of tonsillectomy and UPPP with preservation of the musculature of the soft palate. All patients received a pre- and post-operative 12-canal polysomnography (level-I sleep study). No patient showed signs of any post-operative velopharyngeal insufficiency. Acoustic analysis showed a significant raising of the fundamental frequency of up to 10 Hz. There was also a lowering of the second formant in two of the five vowels. This was correlated with the volume of the excised tissue. The minimal changes will probably have no significance for those who place no special reliance on their voice, but the possible post-operative changes should be made clear to singers and those relying on their voice for professional reasons.

“Pitch” Accent in Alaryngeal Speech

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. van Rossum ◽  
G. de Krom ◽  
S. G. Nooteboom ◽  
H. Quené
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Pitch Perception ◽  
Pitch Accent ◽  
Alaryngeal Speech ◽  
Preceding Context ◽  
Acoustic Analyses ◽  
Pitch System ◽  
Laryngeal Control

Highly proficient alaryngeal speakers are known to convey prosody successfully. The present study investigated whether alaryngeal speakers not selected on grounds of proficiency were able to convey pitch accent (a pitch accent is realized on the word that is in focus, cf. Bolinger, 1958). The participating speakers (10 tracheoesophageal, 9 esophageal, and 10 laryngeal [control] speakers) produced sentences in which accent was cued by the preceding context. For each utterance, a group of listeners identified which word conveyed accent. All speakers were able to convey accent. Acoustic analyses showed that some alaryngeal speakers had little or no control over fundamental frequency. Contrary to expectation, these speakers did not compensate by using nonmelodic cues, whereas speakers using F0 did use nonmelodic cues. Thus, temporal and intensity cues are concomitant with the use of F0; if F0 is affected, these nonmelodic cues will be as well. A pitch perception experiment confirmed that alaryngeal speakers who had no control over F0 and who did not use nonmelodic cues were nevertheless able to produce pitch movements. Speakers with no control over F0 apparently relied on an alternative pitch system to convey accents and other pitch movements.

scholarly journals Immediate effects of cervical stimulation and diaphragmatic release on vocal production

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érika Corrêa Machado ◽  
Letícia Fernandez Frigo ◽  
Fernanda Anversa Bresolin ◽  
Joziane Padilha de Moraes Lima ◽  
Carla Aparecida Cielob
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure Level ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Maximum Phonation Time ◽  
Cervical Stimulation

Abstract Introduction: The voice is heavily influenced by breathing and abdominal muscles. Objective: To verify the immediate effects of cervical stimulation and diaphragmatic release on the respiratory and phonatory function of adult women with no vocal complaints. Method: Relaxation maneuvers and eccentric work of the diaphragm were performed together with articulatory maneuver of the third cervical vertebra. Twenty-four women without vocal complaints, aged between 18 and 35 years were part of the intervention. All volunteers were submitted to an evaluation of respiratory muscle strength, maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/, sound pressure level and acoustic vocal analysis, before and after physiotherapeutic intervention. Statistical analysis consisted of the Student's t-test for independent samples and Spearman's correlation. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: There was a significant increase in the maximum phonation time of the vowel /a/ and in the modal sound pressure level. Regarding the acoustic analysis, there was a reduction in the standard deviation values of the fundamental frequency; in the smoothed pitch disturbance quotient; and in the fundamental frequency and amplitude variations. Conclusion: Cervical stimulation and diaphragmatic release improved vocal quality regarding duration of emission, sound pressure, and stability and noise of the glottic signal.

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