Communication of Speech Sounds by a Tactual Vocoder

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Pickett ◽  
B. Horenstein Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Frequency Region ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Royal Institute ◽  
Speech Transmission ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Speech Information

Tests of tactual speech perception were conducted using a special frequency-analyzing vocoder. The vocoder presented a running frequency analysis of speech mapped into a spatial array of tactual vibrations which were applied to the fingers of the receiving subject. Ten vibrators were used, one for each finger. The position of a vibrator represented a given frequency region of speech energy; the total range covered was 210 to 7 700 cps; all the vibrations had a frequency of 300 cps; the vibration amplitudes represented the energy distribution over the various frequencies. Discrimination and identification tests were performed with various sets of test vowels; consonant discrimination tests were performed with certain consonants including those that might be difficult to lipread. Performance with vowels appeared to be related to formant structure and duration as measured on the test vowels, and to tactual masking effects. Consonant discrimination was good between stops and continuants; consonant features of nasality, voicing, and affrication were also discriminated to some extent. It is concluded that the skin offers certain capacities for transmitting speech information which may be used to complement speech communication where only an impoverished speech signal is normally received. This research was conducted at the Speech Transmission Laboratory, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

scholarly journals Kõnetaju kategoriaalsus ehk hüpotees sellest, kuidas me keelelisi üksusi tajume

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
Nele Salveste
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Speech Perception ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Categorical Perception ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Perceptual Ability ◽  
Estonian Language ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Normal Speech

Erinevate häälikute laad meie igapäevases kõnes varieerub tugevalt, kuid häälduse varieeruvus ei ole enamasti kõneeristusele takistuseks. See annab alust oletada, et kõnetaju on välja arendanud süsteemi, millega tuvastada foneeme väga suure varieeruvusega kõnesignaalist. See süsteem tegeleb kõne varieeruvusega nii tõhusalt ja kiiresti, et me ei ole sellest enamasti teadlikud. Seda süsteemi võiks nimetada kategoriaalseks tajuks (ingl Categorical Perception), kuid kuna taju on uurimisele üksnes kaudselt kättesaadav, siis tähistab see termin pigem eksperimentaalset mudelit või meetodit, millega uuritakse taju võimet foneeme kõnesignaalist eristada. (Schouten jt 2003) Käesolevas artiklis arutatakse kategoriaalse taju kui mudeli ja katsemeetodi üle, mille teoreetilised lähtekohad on olnud nii muudes keeltes kui eesti keeles läbi viidud tajukatsete ülesehituse ja järelduste eeldusteks.Categorical perception or the hypothesis of how we perceive linguistic units. The acoustic signal of everyday speech is very variable, but it seldom distracts the normal speech communication. This motivates the hypothesis that the speech perception must have developed a special mechanism for extracting phonemes from highly variable speech signal. This mechanism extracts phonemes so efficiently and quickly that we are often unaware of it. We would like to call this mechanism “categorical perception of speech”, but since the perceptual processes are only indirectly accessible for investigation, the term refers rather to a theoretical model or an experimental method for investigating our perceptual ability to distinguish phonemes from the speech signal so efficiently (Schouten et al. 2003). In this paper the Categorical Perception as an experimental method and its theoretical statements will be discussed in connection to perception experiments and findings in other languages as well as in Estonian language.

Report of Studying at Royal Institute of Technology

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1554-1556
Author(s):  
Koki Kisara
Keyword(s):  
Royal Institute ◽  
Institute Of Technology

scholarly journals In Memoriam: Johan Liljencrants (1936–2012)

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
Rolf Carlson ◽  
Björn Granström
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Speech Signal Processing ◽  
Speech Synthesizer ◽  
Speech Transmission ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
The 1960S

Johan Liljencrants was a KTH oldtimer. His interests focused early on speech analysis and synthesis where in the 1960s he took a leading part in the development of analysis hardware, the OVE III speech synthesizer, and the introduction of computers in the Speech Transmission Laboratory. Later work shifted toward general speech signal processing, for instance in his thesis on the use of a reflection line synthesizer. His interests expanded to modelling the glottal system, parametrically as in the Liljencrants–Fant (LF) model of glottal waveshapes, as well as physically including glottal aerodynamics and mechanics.

Experimental Investigation of the Influence of Flow Obstacles on Post-Dryout Heat Transfer in an Annulus

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. G. Anghel ◽  
H. Anglart ◽  
S. Hedberg ◽  
S. Rydstro¨m
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Royal Institute ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Transient Conditions ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Institute Of Technology

This paper describes the experimental setup, instrumentation and procedures which have been developed in the thermal-hydraulic laboratory at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, to perform new post-dryout heat transfer investigations in an annulus with flow obstacles. Previous investigations performed in the same laboratory indicated that flow obstacles had a considerable influence on the post-CHF heat transfer. The measured heat transfer enhancement was significantly under-predicted by existing models. However, the net effect of obstacles could not be deduced from the measurements, since reference - obstacle-free measurements - had not been performed. In addition, the number of thermocouples that could be installed inside the heated rod was limited to 8. These deficiencies have been removed in the current approach. Firstly, the present design of the test section allows for measurements both with and without flow obstacles. In this way the net effect of the obstacles will be captured. Secondly, a newly developed technique allowed the installation of 40 thermocouples inside of the heated rod. An additional 40 thermocouples have been installed on the external wall of the heated tube. Therefore, a significant improvement of the accuracy of measurements can be expected. The present arrangement of instrumentation is suitable to perform measurements of heat transfer under both steady-state and transient conditions.

scholarly journals A Machine Learning Approach for Speech Detection in Modern Wireless Communication Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibanee Dash . ◽  
Mihir Narayan Mohanty .
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Speech Signal ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Speech Detection ◽  
Voice Signal ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Voice

Modern wireless communication has gained a improved position as compared to previous time. Similarly, speech communication is the major focus area of research in respective applications. Many developments are done in this field. In this work, we have chosen the OFDM modulation based communication system, as it has importance in both licensed and unlicensed wireless communication platform. The voice signal is passed though the proposed model to obtain at the receiver end. Due to different circumstances, the signal may be corrupted partially at the user end. Authors try to achieve a better signal for reception using a neural network model of RBFN. The parameters are chosen for the RBFN model, as energy, ZCR, ACF, and fundamental frequency of the speech signal. In one part these parameters have eligibility to eliminate noise partially, where as in other part the RBFN model with these parameters proves its efficacy for both noisy speech signals with noisy channel as Gaussian channel. The efficiency of OFDM model is verified in terms of symbol error rate and the transmitted speech signal is evaluated in term of SNR that shows the reduction of noise. For visual inspection, a sample of signal, noisy signal and received signal is also shown. The experiment is performed with 5dB, 10dB, 15dB noise levels. The result proves the performance of RBFN model as the filter.The performance is measured as the listener’s voice in each condition. The results show that, at the time of the voice in noise environment, proposed technique improves the intelligibility on speech quality.

Acoustic Effects of Wearing an M40 Mask with Hood on Speech Perception Anf Roduction

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (37) ◽  
pp. 674-677
Author(s):  
Sehchang Hah
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Speech Stimuli ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Protective Mask ◽  
Speech Perception And Production

The objective of this experiment was to quantify and localize the effects of wearing the nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) M40 protective mask and hood on speech production and perception. A designated speaker's vocalizations of 192 monosyllables while wearing an M40 mask with hood were digitized and used as speech stimuli. Another set of speech stimuli was produced by recording the same individual's vocalizing the same monosyllables without the mask and hood. Participants listened to one set of stimuli during two sessions, one session while wearing an M40 mask with hood and another session without the mask and hood. The results showed that wearing the mask with hood gave most detrimental effects on the sustention dimension acoustically for both speech perception and production. The results also showed that wearing it was detrimental on vocalizing and listening to fricatives and unvoiced-stops. These results may be due to the muffling effect of the voicemitter in speech production and the filtering effects of the voicemitter and the hood material on high frequency components during both speech production and perception. This information will be useful for designing better masks and hoods. This methodology also can be used to evaluate other speech communication systems.

Second Language Instruction

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Doğu Erdener
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Language Instruction ◽  
Visual Speech ◽  
Second Language Instruction ◽  
Perception Process ◽  
L2 Instruction ◽  
Visual Speech Information ◽  
Speech Information

Speech perception has long been taken for granted as an auditory-only process. However, it is now firmly established that speech perception is an auditory-visual process in which visual speech information in the form of lip and mouth movements are taken into account in the speech perception process. Traditionally, foreign language (L2) instructional methods and materials are auditory-based. This chapter presents a general framework of evidence that visual speech information will facilitate L2 instruction. The author claims that this knowledge will form a bridge to cover the gap between psycholinguistics and L2 instruction as an applied field. The chapter also describes how orthography can be used in L2 instruction. While learners from a transparent L1 orthographic background can decipher phonology of orthographically transparent L2s –overriding the visual speech information – that is not the case for those from orthographically opaque L1s.

Synthetic Speech Perception in Individuals with Intellectual and Communicative Disabilities

2010 ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajinder Koul ◽  
James Dembowski
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Synthetic Speech ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Language Disabilities

The purpose of this chapter is to review research conducted over the past two decades on the perception of synthetic speech by individuals with intellectual, language, and hearing impairments. Many individuals with little or no functional speech as a result of intellectual, language, physical, or multiple disabilities rely on non-speech communication systems to augment or replace natural speech. These systems include Speech Generating Devices (SGDs) that produce synthetic speech upon activation. Based on this review, the two main conclusions are evident. The first is that persons with intellectual and/or language impairment demonstrate greater difficulties in processing synthetic speech than their typical matched peers. The second conclusion is that repeated exposure to synthetic speech allows individuals with intellectual and/or language disabilities to identify synthetic speech with increased accuracy and speed. This finding is of clinical significance as it indicates that individuals who use SGDs become more proficient at understanding synthetic speech over a period of time.

scholarly journals Mutual Capacity Building through North-South Collaboration Using Challenge-Driven Education

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Karin Högfeldt ◽  
Anders Rosén ◽  
Christine Mwase ◽  
Ann Lantz ◽  
Lena Gumaelius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Royal Institute ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Education Change ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The University

The urgent need for actions in the light of the global challenges motivates international policy to define roadmaps for education on all levels to step forward and contribute with new knowledge and competencies. Challenge-Driven Education (CDE) is described as an education for Sustainable Development (ESD) approach, which aims to prepare students to work with global challenges and to bring value to society by direct impact. This paper describes, evaluates and discusses a three-year participatory implementation project of Challenge-driven education (CDE) within the engineering education at the University of Dar es Salam, UDSM, which has been carried out in collaboration with the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH in Stockholm. Conclusions are drawn on crucial aspects for engineering education change through the lens of Activity Theory (AT), where CDE is brought forward as a motivating ESD initiative for engineering faculty and students. Furthermore participatory co-creation is notably useful as it aims to embrace social values among the participants. Also, traditional organizational structures will need to be continuously negotiated in the light of the integration of more open-ended approaches in education.

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