Short-Term Memory Recognition Search in Aphasics

1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 578-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Swinney ◽  
Orlando L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Stimulus List ◽  
Serial Search ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Time Required

A nonverbal short-term memory (STM) recognition task was administered to eight matched pairs of normal and aphasic subjects. Computer-controlled apparatus presented a stimulus list of two, four, and six digits, followed by a single digit, and recorded the amount of time required for subjects to indicate whether the single digit was In or Out of the stimulus list. Response latencies were significantly slower for aphasic than for control subjects. Analysis of response latencies as a function of list length revealed that both groups displayed linear increases, suggesting a serial search process in STM. Control subjects displayed parallel increases for both In and Out functions, while aphasic subjects displayed slopes for Out functions twice the magnitude of those for In functions. This finding indicated an exhaustive search in control subjects and a self-terminating search in aphasic subjects. These qualitative and quantitative differences in STM have potential correlates with differences in language comprehension between these populations.

scholarly journals Verbal Short-Term Memory and Motor Speech Processes in Broca’s Aphasia

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Goerlich ◽  
I. Daum ◽  
I. Hertrich ◽  
H. Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Word Length ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Speech Rate ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Broca’S Aphasia

The present study investigated the relationship between verbal short-term memory and motor speech processes in healthy control subjects and five patients suffering from Broca's aphasia. Control subjects showed a phonological similarity effect, a word length effect and an articulatory suppression effect, supporting the hypothesis of a phonological store and an articulatory loop component of short-term memory. A similar effect of phonological similarity was observed in the aphasic patients, while the effects of word length and articulatory suppression were reduced. In control subjects, measures of short-term memory were correlated to measures of motor speech rate only if speech rate was assessed in more complex conditions (such as sentence rather than syllable repetition). There was also evidence of an association of speech impairment and short-term memory deficits in the aphasic patients.

Absence of a Cross-Modal “Suffix Effect” in Short-Term Memory

1970 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Morton ◽  
C. M. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Suffix Effect ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stimulus List ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Immediate Serial Recall ◽  
Selective Increase

Three experiments are reported involving the presentation of lists of either letters or digits for immediate serial recall. The main variable was the presence or absence of a suffix-prefix, an item (tick or cross) occurring at the end of the list which had to be copied before recall of the stimulus list. With auditory stimuli and an auditory suffix-prefix there was a large and selective increase in the number of errors on the last few serial positions—the typical “suffix effect”. The suffix effect was not found with auditory stimuli and a visual suffix-prefix nor with a visual stimulus and an auditory suffix-prefix. These results are interpreted as supporting a model for short-term memory proposed by Crowder and Morton (1969) in which it is suggested that with serial recall information concerning the final items following auditory presentation has a different, precategorical, origin from that concerning other items.

scholarly journals Dynamics of serial position change in probe-recognition task

Psihologija ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-285
Author(s):  
Mario Fific
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Serial Position Effect ◽  
Position Effect ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Position Change ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Probe Recognition

Relationship between practice and serial position effects was investigated, in order to obtain more evidence for underlying short-term memory processes. The investigated relationship is termed the dynamics of serial position change. To address this issue, the present study investigated mean latency, errors, and performed Ex-Gaussian convolution analysis. In six-block trials the probe-recognition task was used in the so-called fast experimental procedure. The serial position effect was significant in all six blocks. Both primacy and recency effects were detected, with primacy located in the first two blocks, producing a non-linear serial position effect. Although the serial position function became linear from the third block on, the convolution analysis revealed a non-linear change of the normal distribution parameter, suggesting special status of the last two serial positions. Further, separation of convolution parameters for serial position and practice was observed, suggesting different underlying mechanisms. In order to account for these findings, a strategy shift mechanism is suggested, rather then a mechanism based on changing the manner of memory scanning. Its influence is primarily located at the very beginning of the experimental session. The pattern of results of errors regarding the dynamics of serial position change closely paralleled those on reaction times. Several models of short-term memory were evaluated in order to account for these findings.

Is Sternberg’s Memory Scanning Task Really a Short-Term Memory Task?

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Corbin ◽  
Josette Marquer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Recall Condition ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
Experimental Constraint

Sternberg’s paradigm is currently viewed as a typical short-term memory task and is widely used to tap mnemonic capacities in neuroscience studies. However, Sternberg’s original procedure includes an experimental constraint – recalling the sequence of digits in order – which was not reused in the following studies. In previous research ( Corbin & Marquer, 2008 , 2009 ), we showed that the recall constraint has an impact on the quantitative results as well as on the strategies implemented. These findings led us to wonder whether the presence or absence of this simple experimental constraint could also affect the processes implemented in Sternberg’s task. In order to answer this question, we analyzed the relationships between the performance levels of 50 participants on Sternberg’s task on various well-known span tasks and on a classical visual search task. The results showed that, in the recall condition, Sternberg’s paradigm appears to be a verbal working memory task, whereas in the no-recall condition, the task appears to be a recognition task that involves visuospatial memory capacities. In this latter condition, the processes implemented may be more similar to those implemented in visual search tasks.

Response Latencies in Short-Term Memory

1968 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennet B. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection Theory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Probe Position ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Recall Interval ◽  
Experimental Variation ◽  
Recall Probability

This paper deals with the problem of the interpretation of response latencies in short-term memory. A paired-associate study using a probe technique was conducted with the main experimental variation the length of the recall interval (1, 2, or 4 sec.). While shortening the interval had a statistically significant effect on recall probability the interaction between recall interval and probe position was negligible. While traditionally response latency is considered a measure of associative strength, such an interpretation seems inappropriate here. As an alternative, latencies may reflect more criterion values than sensitivity as these measures are interpreted in signal-detection theory.

Impairment of Semantic Categorization Processes among Thought-Disordered Schizophrenic Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Mesure ◽  
Christine Passerieux ◽  
Chrystel Besehe ◽  
Daniel Widlöcher ◽  
Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Thought Disorder ◽  
Formal Thought Disorder ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Language And Communication ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Objective: To explore semantic categorization strategies in patients with schizophrenia. Method: A short-term memory-recognition task that reveals the effects associated with categorization was created and applied to 2 groups of patients with schizophrenia and depression. Results: Only the schizophrenic subgroup with formal thought disorder (measured using Andreasen's Thought, Language, and Communication [TLC] scale) exhibited a deficiency in semantic categorization strategies during the task. Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of the impairment of the processes involved in the processing of contextual information inpatients with schizophrenia who suffer from formal thought disorder.

scholarly journals Age differences in the irrelevant sound effect: A serial recognition paradigm

Psihologija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Schwarz ◽  
Sabine Schlittmeier ◽  
Annette Otto ◽  
Malte Persike ◽  
Maria Klatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Auditory Distraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sound Effect ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Irrelevant Sound ◽  
State Effect ◽  
Irrelevant Sound Effect

In adults, the disrupting effect of irrelevant background sounds with distinct temporalspectral variations (changing-state sounds) on short-term memory performance was found to be robust. In the present study, a verbal serial recognition task was used to investigate this so-called Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE) in adults and 8- to 10-year-old children. An essential part of the short-term memory impairment during changing-state speech is due to interference processes (changing-state effect) which can be differentiated from the deviation effect of auditory distraction. In line with recent findings (Hughes et al., 2013), our study demonstrates that the changing-state effect is not modulated by task difficulty. Moreover, our results show that the changing-state effect remains stable for children and adults. This suggests that the differences in the magnitude of the ISE as reported by Elliott (2002) and Klatte et al. (2010) are most likely related to the increase in attentional control during childhood.

Introspection during short-term memory scanning

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2088-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Reyes ◽  
Jérôme Sackur
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Memory Retrieval ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Item Recognition Task ◽  
Trial Basis

The literature in metacognition has argued for many years that introspective access to our own mental content is restricted to the cognitive states associated with the response to a task, such as the level of confidence in a decision or the estimation of the response time; however, the cognitive processes that underlie such states were deemed inaccessible to participants’ consciousness. Here, we ask whether participants could introspectively distinguish the cognitive processes that underlie two short-term memory tasks. For this purpose, we asked participants, on a trial-by-trial basis, to report the number of items that they mentally scanned during their short-term memory retrieval, which we have named “subjective number of scanned items.” The subjective number of scanned items index was evaluated, in Experiment 1, immediately after a judgment of recency task and, in Experiment 2, after an item recognition task. Finally, in Experiment 3, both tasks were randomly mixed. The results showed that participants’ introspection successfully accessed the complexity of the decisional processes.

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