Fundamental Frequency, Intensity, and Vowel Selection: Effects on Measures of Phonatory Stability

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marylou Pausewang Gelfer
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Speaking Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Measures of phonatory stability such as jitter, shimmer, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are increasingly used in clinics and laboratories, yet questions about the effects of various aspects of voice production on these acoustic variables have received only limited attention. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of frequency, intensity, and vowel selection on those measures of phonatory stability. Twenty-nine young adult females were used as subjects. Each subject produced vocalizations at her speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and one octave above SFF; at 60, 70, and 80 dB; and on the vowels /i/ and /a/, for a total of 12 vocalizations per subject. These vocalizations were then analyzed, using CSpeech acoustic analysis software, to obtain measures of jitter, shimmer, and SNR. Results revealed that frequency, intensity, and vowel selection all affected various phonatory stability measures, with the highest perturbation values almost always occurring in the low frequency-low intensity condition. Implications and physiological explanations for the results of the study were presented.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic frogs call at a higher pitch in noisier ambiance

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Pan Chen ◽  
Zhuqing Chen ◽  
Juan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Central China ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Acoustic Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Hypothesis ◽  
Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis

Abstract The ultrasonic communication in Concave-eared torrent frogs Odorrana tormota is believed to be an adaptation to avoid masking by the intense low-frequency noise of the rushing stream in their habitat. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis for ultrasonic origin predicts that some organisms subjecting to persistent acoustic interference from broadband, low-frequency environmental noise, might shift their signal frequency upward into frequency bands with lower noise energy. In other words, low-frequency environmental noise might cause upward shifts of species’ vocalization frequencies making their signals more conspicuous. Presently, it is unclear whether male O. tormota adjust their signal features in response to a change in the ambient noise level. We tested the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis by recording the vocalizations of male O. tormota inhabiting two streams with different background noise levels in Huangshan in central China and comparing their call features including the fundamental frequency (F0). Results showed that the spectrotemporal characteristics of the vocal signals of males in the two habitats were indifferent, except the duration of the call harmonic segments and three parameters related to the call fundamental frequency (F0). In terms of the F0, the pooled and individual frog data showed that frogs inhabiting the noisier habitat tended to emit calls having higher F0. The higher F0 increases the signal-to-noise ratio, thus benefiting the detection of vocalization. Thus, similar to several anuran species, concave-eared torrent frogs also display noise-dependent adjustment of vocal pitch in their vocalizations for making them more audible.

scholarly journals Preliminary Acoustic Analysis of Farm Management Noise and Its Impact on Broiler Welfare

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Ginovart-Panisello ◽  
Rosa Alsina-Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Noise Source ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Audio Analysis ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Different Types

Farm management practices done by machinery generate a high acoustical impact on animals. The acoustic variations in terms of equivalent level (L e q) and the different types of noise can affect the well-being of broilers by means of reducing the food and water ingest. In this work, we create a dataset in which we conduct a preliminary analysis of the acoustical impact generated by the farm management in an intensive broiler poultry farm of 25,000 birds. The project collects acoustic data during the first two weeks of the birds life, focusing the study on the first week. To create the dataset, we randomly select some files from each day of the study and they are analysed and labelled manually using an audio analysis software. The acoustical events defined in collaboration with the farmer and vet are the fan and the food and water supply, and definitions are based on duration, impact, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The analysis concludes that the main acoustical source in a broilers’ farm is the fan, and that it has a non-negligible acoustical impact. Nevertheless, the most frequent acoustical noise source active is food supply, but with less L e q impact.

Selected Acoustic Characteristics of Pathologic and Normal Speakers

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Murry ◽  
E. Thomas Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Normal Voice ◽  
Speaking Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Male Subjects

The purpose of this study was to determine if measures of speaking fundamental frequency and its perturbation could be useful in differentiating talkers with no known vocal pathology and talkers with cancer of the larynx. Ten male subjects, five with a diagnosed malignancy of the larynx and five with normal voice, produced speech samples from which five voice production measures were obtained: the average speaking fundamental frequency (SFF), SFF variability during the reading of a sentence, the f 0 of a sustained vowel and a percent and magnitude jitter value. The perturbation factors, both directional and magnitudinal, during sustained vowels were found to be significant in discriminating normal talkers from those with laryngeal cancer. The speaking funda- mental frequency and its variability during the reading of a sentence improved the dis- criminant function.

Freddie Mercury—acoustic analysis of speaking fundamental frequency, vibrato, and subharmonics

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian T. Herbst ◽  
Stellan Hertegard ◽  
Daniel Zangger-Borch ◽  
Per-Åke Lindestad
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Speaking Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Freddie Mercury

Political persuasion in a Spanish electoral debate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Hidalgo Downing
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Political Persuasion ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Abstract In this paper, we study the elements of political discourse where persuasion is present as communicative strategy. In particular, we focus on the analysis of intonation and affectivity in a two-candidate Spanish electoral debate (Hidalgo Downing and Nieto y Otero 2014; Ponsonnet 2014; Reber 2012).The methodology consisted in selecting the openings and closings of each turn, taking the act as analysis unit (Briz 2003); for the acoustic analysis we have examined three parameters – fundamental frequency, intensity and vowel durations –, and four strategies for the positive affective bonds: assertiveness, inclusion, specificity and naturalization, in order to pursue the initial hypothesis on whether it is possible to find relations between intonation and affectivity. The analysis shows that both candidates use affective bonds and intonation to enhance persuasion, although there are interesting differences between candidates and between openings and closings. While openings show greater number and variety of strategies, both verbal and intonational, closings show lower intonational contours and less variation, therefore openings showing higher use of positive persuasive strategies, whereas in closings, there are no strategies addressed to the hearer, the most frequent being assertiveness. As for intonational contours, there is a general lowering in all values.

scholarly journals Acoustic analysis of voice in children with cochlear implants

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Miljkovic ◽  
Mila Veselinovic ◽  
Ivana Sokolovac ◽  
Dragan Dankuc ◽  
Zoran Komazec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Hearing Children

Introduction. The focus of this study was the analysis of objective acoustic characteristics of voice in children with cochlear implants. The objective of this study was to compare acoustic parameters of voice in children with cochlear implants and normal hearing children of the same age, and to determine differences, if there were any. Material and Methods. There were 60 children (aged from 6 to 13) included in this prospective study. They were divided into 2 groups: children with cochlear implants (30) and normal hearing children with normal speech development (30). The most stable voice sample was analyzed using a software program Dr Speech: Vocal Assessment. Objective acoustic analysis of voice included 13 acoustic parameters. Results. Standard deviation of fundamental frequency was significantly (p=0.000) higher in children with cochlear implants, as well as the values of harmonic to noise ratio (p=0.003) and signal to noise ratio (p=0.000) parameters. Values of jitter %, shimmer %, normalized noise energy, fundamental frequency tremor and amplitude tremor showed no significant differences between the two groups. However, the values of parameters that refer to voice frequency (habitual fundamental frequency, mean fundamental frequency, min fundamental frequency and max fundamental frequency) and the mean value of voice intensity (p=0.004), were significantly higher in the boys and the girls with cochlear implants than in the normal hearing children. Conclusion. Gender non-related parameters of hoarseness did not show significant differences between the children with cochlear implants and the normal hearing children; the results of cochlear implantation and voice and speech education were therefore positive. However, the children with cochlear implants of both gender showed significantly higher values of voice intensity, voice pitch and insufficient control of voice pitch variation.

Phonatory Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy without Laryngeal Nerve Injury

1997 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene N. Myers ◽  
Ki Hwan Hong ◽  
Young Ki Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Superior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerves ◽  
Cricothyroid Muscle ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve Injury ◽  
Speaking Fundamental Frequency

Complications that arise after thyroid surgery may be associated with infection, hemorrhage, hormonal problems, and laryngeal nerve injury. Voice alteration after thyroidectomy is usually caused by recurrent or superior laryngeal nerve injury. This voice dysfunction may also be associated with laryngotracheal fixation with impairment of vertical movement or by temporary malfunction of the strap muscles after surgery. In this study, we evaluated the voice function phonetically before and after thyroidectomy in 54 patients, although function of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves was normal. During surgery, the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified and protected, and after surgery electromyographic testing of the cricothyroid muscle was performed. Typical voice symptoms after surgery were easy fatigue during phonation and difficulty with high pitch and singing voice. Acoustic analysis revealed that the phonation time and fundamental frequency were not changed after surgery, but the speaking fundamental frequency, range of speaking fundamental frequency, and vocal range were significantly diminished after surgery. These data allowed us to suggest that the cause of voice dysfunction is not seen in neural lesions, but in a disturbance of the extralaryngeal skeleton. These voice changes emphasize the importance of the extralaryngeal mechanism for pitch control.

scholarly journals Quantitative and Descriptive Comparison of Four Acoustic Analysis Systems: Vowel Measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlyn Burris ◽  
Houri K. Vorperian ◽  
Marios Fourakis ◽  
Ray D. Kent ◽  
Daniel M. Bolt
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Women And Children

Purpose This study examines accuracy and comparability of 4 trademarked acoustic analysis software packages (AASPs): Praat, WaveSurfer, TF32, and CSL by using synthesized and natural vowels. Features of AASPs are also described. Method Synthesized and natural vowels were analyzed using each of the AASP's default settings to secure 9 acoustic measures: fundamental frequency (F0), formant frequencies (F1–F4), and formant bandwidths (B1–B4). The discrepancy between the software measured values and the input values (synthesized, previously reported, and manual measurements) was used to assess comparability and accuracy. Basic AASP features are described. Results Results indicate that Praat, WaveSurfer, and TF32 generate accurate and comparable F0 and F1–F4 data for synthesized vowels and adult male natural vowels. Results varied by vowel for women and children, with some serious errors. Bandwidth measurements by AASPs were highly inaccurate as compared with manual measurements and published data on formant bandwidths. Conclusions Values of F0 and F1–F4 are generally consistent and fairly accurate for adult vowels and for some child vowels using the default settings in Praat, WaveSurfer, and TF32. Manipulation of default settings yields improved output values in TF32 and CSL. Caution is recommended especially before accepting F1–F4 results for children and B1–B4 results for all speakers.

Acoustic Analyses of Phonation in Patients with Huntington's Disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine A. Ramig
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Objective Information ◽  
Acoustic Analyses ◽  
Perceptual Characteristics

While perceptual reports support phonatory disruptions in patients with Huntington's disease, these disruptions have not been quantified objectively. Acoustic analysis offers a method to study phonatory characteristics in these patients noninvasively and to provide objective information related to laryngeal pathophysiology of both clinical and academic interest. Application of acoustic analysis to the sustained vowel phonation of eight patients with Huntington's disease revealed the following abnormalities: low frequency segments (abrupt drops in fundamental frequency of approximately one octave), vocal arrests, and reduced maximal vowel duration. There was evidence of both adductory and abductory phonatory disruption in these patients. These findings are discussed in relation to previous reports of perceptual characteristics of voices of Huntington's disease patients, as well as potential physiologic correlates of choreiform involvement in the phonatory mechanism.

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