Using Language Sampling to Measure Language Growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Rojas ◽  
Aquiles Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
English Language ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Language Sampling ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Language Growth ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This article illustrates how speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can use language sampling and growth curve modeling (GCM) to examine the language growth rates of English Language Learners. GCM data on language samples provides SLPs with powerful, new tools to evaluate actual progress over time instead of relying on single, static measurement endpoints to determine typical development.

Phonological Skills in English Language Learners

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyse Morrow ◽  
Brian A. Goldstein ◽  
Amanda Gilhool ◽  
Johanne Paradis
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Phonological Skills ◽  
Speech Learning Model ◽  
Whole Word ◽  
Speech Learning ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the English phonological skills of English language learners (ELLs) over 5 time points. Method Sound class accuracy, whole-word accuracy, percentage of occurrence of phonological patterns, and sociolinguistic correlational analyses were investigated in 19 ELLs ranging in age from 5;0 (years;months) to 7;6. Results Accuracy across all samples was over 90% for all sound classes except fricatives and increased for all sound classes across time. Whole-word accuracy was high and increased across time. With the exception of cluster reduction, stopping, and final consonant deletion, the frequency of occurrence for phonological patterns was less than or equal to 5% at every time point. Sociolinguistic variables such as age of arrival, age of exposure, and age were significantly related to phonological skills. Conclusions The results were consistent with the hypotheses outlined in Flege's (1995) speech learning model in that the phonological skills of ELLs increased over time and as a function of age of arrival and time. Thus, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) also should expect phonological skills in ELLs to increase over time, as is the case in monolingual children. SLPs can use the longitudinal and connected-speech results of this study to interpret their assessments of the phonological skills of ELLs.

scholarly journals Medium Matters: A Decade of Media Consumption Predicts Positive and Negative Dimensions of Self-Perceptions of Aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Boeder ◽  
Dwight C K Tse ◽  
Veronica Fruiht ◽  
Thomas Chan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Physical Decline ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Perceptions Of Aging ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective Media consumption over time is suggested to be a significant contributor to how people develop their self-perceptions of aging (SPA); however, this association has only been investigated with cross-sectional methodologies. The current study used growth curve modeling to examine the influence of 10 years of television, newspaper, radio, and book consumption on positive and negative dimensions of SPA. Method Growth curve modeling on four waves of data from the German Aging Survey (N =2,969), a population-based representative survey of adults aged 40 to 95, was used to examine the longitudinal associations between media consumption and SPA trajectories. Results Across ten years, more television intake (B= -0.58, 95% CI [-0.94, -0.21]) was associated with lower perceptions of continuous growth. Inversely, greater book (B= 0.10, 95% CI [0.06, 0.13]) and radio (B= 0.52, 95% CI [0.29, 0.74]) consumption was significantly linked to higher perceptions of continuous growth. In parallel, more television (B= 0.88, 95% CI [0.52, 1.25]) and newspaper consumption (B= 0.46, 95% CI [0.04, 0.88]) was associated with higher perceptions of physical decline, while greater radio (B= -0.40, 95% CI [-0.64, -0.16]) and book (B= -0.05, 95% CI [-0.09, -0.00]) consumption was associated with lower perceptions of physical decline. Discussion This study provides longitudinal evidence that the type of media consumed over time is linked to people’s SPA. Not all types of media intake are negative as radio and book consumption was associated with better SPA across time. Age group differences were investigated and are discussed in the supplemental materials.

scholarly journals Ignoring individual differences in times of assessment in growth curve modeling

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Coulombe ◽  
James P. Selig ◽  
Harold D. Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Over Time

Researchers often collect longitudinal data to model change over time in a phenomenon of interest. Inevitably, there will be some variation across individuals in specific time intervals between assessments. In this simulation study of growth curve modeling, we investigate how ignoring individual differences in time points when modeling change over time relates to convergence and admissibility of solutions, bias in estimates of parameters, efficiency, power to detect change over time, and Type I error rate. We manipulated magnitude of the individual differences in assessment times, distribution of assessment times, magnitude of change over time, number of time points, and sample size. In contrast to the correct analysis, ignoring individual differences in time points frequently led to inadmissible solutions, especially with few time points and small samples, regardless of the specific magnitude of individual differences that were ignored. Mean intercept and slope were generally estimated without bias. Ignoring individual differences in time points sometimes yielded overestimated intercept and slope variances and underestimated intercept–slope covariance and residual variance. Parameter efficiency as well as power and Type I error rates for the linear slope were unaffected by the type of analysis.

The relation between teacher input and lexical growth of preschoolers

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDMOND P. BOWERS ◽  
MARINA VASILYEVA
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
Teacher Input ◽  
Vocabulary Growth ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Language Growth

ABSTRACTThe present study examined the growth of receptive lexical skills in preschoolers over an academic year in relation to teacher speech. The participating students were English language learners and their monolingual English-speaking peers from the same classrooms. The measures of teacher input included indicators of the amount of speech (total number of words), lexical richness (number of different word types), and structural complexity (number of words per utterance). These measures were based on a speech sample collected during a classroom observation. For English language learners, vocabulary growth was positively related to the total number of words produced by the teacher, but negatively related to the number of words per utterance. For monolingual speakers, vocabulary growth was positively related to the number of word types produced by the teacher. The findings underscore the importance of considering different aspects of verbal input for understanding individual variability in language growth of preschool students.

scholarly journals Teaching young English language learners in East Asian cultural contexts: Application of current English as a Second Language (ESL) best practices for academic success

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Turner
Keyword(s):  
English Language Learners ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Asian Students ◽  
Outreach Programs ◽  
East Asian Students ◽  
Language Growth

This secondary research project examines the research and literature surrounding current English as a Second Language (ESL) practices for East Asian students. In particular, it examines the role that these practices have in affecting academic and linguistic aptitude of young learners. It also explores the role of outreach programs and acculturation in English language growth. An empiric study of culturally relevant outreach programs on East Asian learners is proposed to help determine the effect of such programs on meeting student and familial need. This study would help to fill a gap in the research and provide guidance for instructors looking to better serve Asian heritage learners.

scholarly journals The application of growth curve modeling for the analysis of diachronic corpora

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Nini ◽  
Carlo Corradini ◽  
Diansheng Guo ◽  
Jack Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Growth Curve ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Over Time

This paper introduces growth curve modeling for the analysis of language change in corpus linguistics. In addition to describing growth curve modeling, which is a regression-based method for studying the dynamics of a set of variables measured over time, we demonstrate the technique through an analysis of the relative frequencies of words that are increasing or decreasing over time in a multi-billion word diachronic corpus of Twitter. This analysis finds that increasing words tend to follow a trajectory similar to the s-curve of language change, whereas decreasing words tend to follow a decelerated trajectory, thereby showing how growth curve modeling can be used to uncover and describe underlying patterns of language change in diachronic corpora.

“Create in Me a Clean Heart”: The Role of Spirituality in Desistance From Substance Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Reece Crank ◽  
Brent Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Curve Modeling ◽  
Multilevel Analyses ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Curve Modeling ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Although the impact of religion on behavior is robust and well-examined in many areas, the role spirituality plays in changes in drug use over time has received relatively little attention. Using a life-course theoretical framework, this relationship is examined through growth curve modeling techniques. Specifically, multilevel analyses are estimated testing within-person relationships between substance use desistance and spirituality. The Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data are analyzed and leading criminological predictors are included, to determine if spirituality has a unique impact on substance use net of these criminological factors, and if these impacts vary across gender. Results from these analyses suggest that the impact of spirituality on desistance varies by gender, with spirituality significantly increasing the odds of desistance from marijuana use for females, but not males.

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