Direct and Indirect Interventions for Cognitive-Communication Disorders of Dementia

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
Tammy Hopper ◽  
Natalie Douglas ◽  
Becky Khayum
Keyword(s):  
Research Evidence ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Moderate Dementia ◽  
Dementia Syndrome ◽  
Life Functioning

The dementia syndrome is characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits that affect daily life functioning, including communication. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) will see increased numbers of adults with dementia in the coming years, as the incidence and prevalence of diseases that cause dementia continue to grow. In this article, the authors provide an update on the syndrome of dementia and its most common cause, Alzheimer's disease. A framework for interventions is provided, along with a discussion of research evidence for specific treatment techniques. The article concludes with case studies of person-centered assessment and intervention for individuals with mild and moderate dementia severity.

A Case Study: Massage, Relaxation, and Reward for Treatment of Alopecia Areata

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1315-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon C. Putt ◽  
Lawrence Weinstein ◽  
Mary T. Dzindolet
Keyword(s):  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Designs

Alopecia areata, a common cause of hair loss, is generally considered the consequence of an autoimmune process. Both physiological and psychological factors have been implicated. Previous studies have not incorporated behavior modification in their treatment designs. In this study, three treatment techniques (hair massage, relaxation procedures, and monetary reward) were applied to a 16-year-old male with a five-year history of alopecia areata. Comparison for seven months without treatment versus seven months with treatment showed that loss of hair was markedly reduced after three months of treatment. During the last four months of the study, new hair growth was evidenced.

Scales for Mental State and Daily Living Activities for the Elderly: Clinical Behavioral Scales for Assessing Demented Patients

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Nishimura ◽  
Toshiko Kobayashi ◽  
Shiro Hariguchi ◽  
Masatoshi Takeda ◽  
Tomoko Fukunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Moderate Dementia

In the diagnosis, treatment, and care of dementia patients in the senile stage, comprehensive evaluation of ability in daily life and mental function is needed. Using a simple behavioral rating scale for the mental states (NM scale) and activities of daily living (N-ADL) of the elderly, we evaluated 250 elderly subjects. According to the NM scale, the scores for subjects in whom the severity was clinically diagnosed were as follows: normal, 50–48; borderline, 47–43; mild dementia, 42–31; moderate dementia, 30–17; and severe dementia, 16–0. Screening for dementia and determining its severity were readily accomplished using the NM scale, and basic activities in the daily life of the elderly could be evaluated effectively using the N-ADL. There was a significant correlation (r=0.863) between the Hasegawa dementia scale and the NM scale (p<0.001), a significant correlation (r=−0.947) between intellectual function scores of the GBS scale and the NM scale, and a significant correlation (r=0.944) between motor function score of the GBS scale and the N-ADL score. Evaluations of daily life activities can be made not only by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists, but by nonspecialists as well, because they are based on data obtained by observation of daily life behaviors; thus, assessment is appropriate both in clinical settings and in places of living.

BEING PROUD OF ONESELF AS A PERSON OR BEING PROUD OF ONE’S PHYSICAL APEARANCE: WHAT MATTERS FOR FEELING WELL IN ADOLESCENCE?

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Seidah ◽  
Thérèse Bouffard
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Appearance Satisfaction ◽  
Life Functioning ◽  
Social Domains ◽  
What Matters

Among the numerous studies aimed at examining the link between appearance satisfaction and self-esteem at adolescence very few, except Zumpf and Harter (1989), have specifically examined the directionality of the relation. Hence, the first goal of this study was to examine the distribution of adolescents, according to their gender and grade level, within each of the following two groups: those who acknowledge that the evaluation of their physical appearance precedes and determines their global self-esteem, and those who conversely believe that they must first be satisfied with their global sense of self in order to be satisfied with their physical appearance. The second goal was to examine whether adolescents' perceived competence in various domains of daily life functioning differs according to how they value physical appearance. Participants were 1,362 adolescents (540 boys and 822 girls) from the 7th, 9th and 11th grades. Overall, 35% of adolescents acknowledged that their perceived appearance determined their self-esteem, with boys and girls being proportionally distributed between the groups. Adolescents in the group more concerned with appearance reported lower satisfaction with their physical appearance, lower self-esteem than others, and lower perceived competence in the scholastic and social domains.

Clinical impact of 20% worsening on Timed 25-foot Walk and 9-hole Peg Test in multiple sclerosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Kragt ◽  
F AH van der Linden ◽  
J M Nielsen ◽  
B MJ Uitdehaag ◽  
C H Polman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Perceived Disability ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Disability Scale ◽  
Life Functioning ◽  
Clinical Meaning

Introduction: Quantitative tests of motor function, like the Timed 25-foot Walk (T25FW) and 9-hole Peg Test (9HPT), are increasingly being applied as outcome measures in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials. The quantitative nature of the data has a favorable impact on responsiveness, but the clinical impact of the changes is uncertain. The goal of this study was to assess whether a change on T25FW and 9HPT does indeed have a clinical meaning. This was accomplished by comparing 20% changes on these quantitative measurements to concomitant changes on the Guy’s Neurological Disability Scale (GNDS), a scale which measures patient-perceived daily life disability. Methods: From a longitudinal database, we selected patients with at least two measurements of T25FW, 9HPT and GNDS with a minimal time interval of 350 days. In those patients who experienced at least a 20% change on T25FW or 9HPT, GNDS score changes were examined more closely. Results: Of 527 patients, 143 experienced a >20% worsening on their T25FW and 71 on their 9HPT, respectively. Patients with a 20% increase in T25FW or 9HPT had more GNDS worsening than patients without such an increase. GNDS worsening associated with an increase in T25FW was mainly due to an increase in perceived disability related to lower extremity function and fatigue; GNDS worsening associated with an increase in 9HPT was more diffuse with respect to domains involved. Conclusion: Worsening on T25FW or 9HPT has a clinical impact on disability, as perceived by MS patients during daily life functioning.

Rasch Validation of a Combined Measure of Basic and Extended Daily Life Functioning After Stroke

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-fang Chen ◽  
Ching-yi Wu ◽  
Keh-chung Lin ◽  
Chia-ling Chen ◽  
Pai-chuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Life Functioning

scholarly journals Treatment of Natural Fiber for Application in Concrete Pavement

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Anteneh Geremew ◽  
Pieter De Winne ◽  
Tamene Adugna Demissie ◽  
Hans De Backer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Concrete Crack ◽  
Concrete Production

Concrete crack is one of the main problems observed in concrete technology due to drying shrinkage. Incorporating fibers in concrete production is one of the mechanisms implemented to mitigate cracks. Nowadays, investigators concentrate on different techniques to replace human-made fiber with existing natural fibers for fiber-reinforced composite material. Utilization of natural fiber has an initiation for the development of eco-friendly materials by reducing damages caused by human-made materials and saving nonrenewable resources. Natural fibers are readily and abundantly available, sustainable, and biodegradable, with low cost and low density, and have superior specific properties. Nevertheless, there are some limitations of natural fiber compared to human-made fiber. Consequently, significant energy was applied to alter natural fiber’s surface and morphology using physical, chemical, and biological treatment techniques to overcome the limitation. The primary intention of surface treatment is to modify the bond between the fiber surface and the polymer matrix. However, based on this literature review, there were no specific treatment techniques to be followed to select the best one from the others as criteria. It should include all parameters to consider starting from the stage from the cradle to the grave, cost of chemicals, transportation, and labors, including energy consumption and effluent energy. Additionally, their environmental effect also investigated in detail to compare each other.

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