Impaired protective immunity and T helper 2 responses in alymphoplasia (aly) mutant mice infected with Trichinella spiralis

AbstractImmune responses to immunization and infection with Trichinella spiralis and T. britovi were studied in NIH high-responder mice. Overall it was shown that T. britovi was the more immunogenic, immunization and challenge with this species giving greater host-protective immunity. This greater immunogenicity was reflected in higher proliferative responses when mesenteric node lymphocytes (MLNC) from immunized mice were restimulated with T. britovi antigens in vitro and in higher levels of T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocyte-dependent specific IgG1 antibody responses against this species. MLNC from mice immunized against T. britovi released more IL-5 when restimulated in vitro, again suggesting a greater T helper 2 subset response, but after infection the highest levels of IL-5 were recorded from MLNC taken from T. spiralis challenged mice. These data are discussed in relation to current understanding of immunological differences between species and isolates of the genus Trichinella.

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Role of IL-4, IL-13, and STAT6 in inflammation-induced hypercontractility of murine smooth muscle cells

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.2002.282.2.g226 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 282 (2) ◽

pp. G226-G232 ◽

Cited By ~ 100

Author(s):

Hirotada Akiho ◽

Patricia Blennerhassett ◽

Yikang Deng ◽

Stephen M. Collins

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

T Helper ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

T Helper 2 ◽

Muscularis Externa

T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which activate signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) are expressed in the muscularis externa during nematode infection and are candidate mediators of the associated hypercontractility. To determine the locus of action of these cytokines, we examined the IL-4- and IL-13-induced hypercontractility of the isolated muscle cells from STAT6 +/+ and STAT6 −/− mice. We compared the results with cells isolated from Trichinella spiralis-infected STAT6 +/+ and STAT6 −/− mice. Carbamylcholine chloride (Carbachol) induced the contraction of jejunal muscle cells in a concentration-dependent manner maximal contraction (Rmax26.7 ± 1.9%). Cells from T. spiralis-infected STAT6 −/− mice showed the hypertrophy (cell lengths 41.4 ± 0.8 to 89.0 ± 8.7 μm) and hypercontractility (Rmax37.5 ± 1.3%) induced by infection. IL-4Rα mRNA was detected in dispersed smooth muscle cells. Incubation of longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LMMP) with IL-4 and IL-13 enhanced Carbachol-induced muscle contraction (Rmax35.5 ± 1.9 and 32.4 ± 2.9%, respectively). Incubation of LMMP from STAT6 −/− mice with IL-4 did not enhance the contraction. The hypercontractility in T. spiralis-infected mice was attenuated in STAT6 −/− mice ( P < 0.02). These results indicate both IL-4 and IL-13 induce hypercontractility of muscle cells via the STAT6 pathway, and this is the basis for hypercontractility observed in T. spiralis-infected mice.

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Role of T helper 2 cells in intestinal goblet cell hyperplasia in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/gast.1997.v113.pm9247474 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 113 (2) ◽

pp. 542-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

N Ishikawa ◽

D Wakelin ◽

YR Mahida

Keyword(s):

Goblet Cell ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

T Helper ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Goblet Cell Hyperplasia ◽

T Helper 2

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Interleukin 12 as an Adjuvant to WI-1 Adhesin Immunization Augments Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, Shifts the Subclass Distribution of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies, and Enhances Protective Immunity to Blastomyces dermatitidisInfection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.68.12.7172-7174.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 7172-7174 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Marcel Wüthrich ◽

Beatriz E. Finkel-Jiminez ◽

Bruce S. Klein

Keyword(s):

Protective Immunity ◽

Pulmonary Infection ◽

T Helper Cell ◽

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Cell Immune Response ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 2 ◽

Specific Immunoglobulin

ABSTRACT Cell-mediated immunity is pivotal in host resistance toBlastomyces dermatitidis infection. Immunization of mice with the WI-1 adhesin enhances resistance against experimental pulmonary infection but elicits features of a mixed T-helper-cell immune response. Immune mice acquire delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) but also high titers of WI-1-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2b, a result indicative of T-helper-2 cellular immunity. We report that interleukin-12, used as an adjuvant for WI-1 immunization, augments DTH, shifts the balance of the T-helper phenotype toward Th1, and enhances resistance to B. dermatitidis infection.

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CTLA4-Ig inhibits optimal T helper 2 cell development but not protective immunity or memory response toNippostrongylus brasiliensis

European Journal of Immunology ◽

10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199901)29:01<311::aid-immu311>3.0.co;2-b ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 311-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Nicola L. Harris ◽

Robert J. Peach ◽

Franca Ronchese

Keyword(s):

Protective Immunity ◽

Cell Development ◽

T Helper ◽

T Helper 2 ◽

Memory Response

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Interactions between infections with Eimeria spp. and Trichinella spiralis in inbred mice

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000078537 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 108 (1) ◽

pp. 69-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M. E. Roses ◽

D. Wakelin ◽

P. Hesketh

Keyword(s):

Protective Immunity ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Inbred Mice ◽

T Helper ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Immunological Interactions ◽

Concurrent Infections ◽

Lymph Node Cells ◽

Worm Expulsion

SUMMARYParasitological and immunological interactions between Eimeria vermiformis or E. pragensis and Trichinella spiralis were investigated during concurrent infections in NIH, BALB/c and B10.G inbred mice. The establishment of T. spiralis was unaffected by the presence of either coccidium, but expulsion of adult worms was delayed significantly in mice infected with E. vermiformis; E. pragensis did not have this effect. Replication of E. vermiformis was enhanced in concurrent infections with T. spiralis, but that of E. pragensis was reduced. Specific immune responses to each parasite were unaffected in mice infected with T. spiralis and E. pragensis, but levels of some responses were reduced when T. spiralis and E. vermiformis were combined. Thus both in vitro antigen-induced proliferation of mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) and intestinal mastocytosis were lower than in singly infected mice. Mitogen (Con A) responsiveness of MLNC was not affected in mice infected with T. spiralis and E. vermiformis, and cells from these mice were capable of transferring protective immunity to the nematode in naive recipients. Injection of monoclonal antibody to interferon gamma, a major component of the cytokine response to E. vermiformis, did not prevent delay of worm expulsion in concurrent infections. The results are discussed in terms of possible interactions between the T helper cell subsets or the inflammatory components of the responses induced by each parasite.

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