Immunization of mice against Trichinella spiralis and T. britovi using excretory and secretory antigens

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Goyal ◽  
F. Bolas-Fernandez ◽  
D. Wakelin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Mesenteric Node ◽  
Specific Igg

AbstractImmune responses to immunization and infection with Trichinella spiralis and T. britovi were studied in NIH high-responder mice. Overall it was shown that T. britovi was the more immunogenic, immunization and challenge with this species giving greater host-protective immunity. This greater immunogenicity was reflected in higher proliferative responses when mesenteric node lymphocytes (MLNC) from immunized mice were restimulated with T. britovi antigens in vitro and in higher levels of T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocyte-dependent specific IgG1 antibody responses against this species. MLNC from mice immunized against T. britovi released more IL-5 when restimulated in vitro, again suggesting a greater T helper 2 subset response, but after infection the highest levels of IL-5 were recorded from MLNC taken from T. spiralis challenged mice. These data are discussed in relation to current understanding of immunological differences between species and isolates of the genus Trichinella.

scholarly journals IMMUNE RESPONSES IN VITRO

1974 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Pierce ◽  
Judith A. Kapp ◽  
Susan M. Solliday ◽  
Martin E. Dorf ◽  
Baruj Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes ◽  
Selective Suppression ◽  
D Region ◽  
Stimulate Antibody

The effects of alloantisera against leukocyte alloantigens on plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to sheep erythrocytes and the terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) by mouse spleen cells in vitro have been investigated. Polyspecific antibodies against both H-2 and non-H-2 alloantigens on responding spleen cells suppressed both IgM and IgG PFC responses; antisera against alloantigens coded for by the K and I regions, but not the D region, of the H-2 complex also effectively suppressed PFC responses. The suppression was not due to cytotoxicity to the spleen cells or anti-immunoglobulin activity in the sera and was directly related to the amount of antiserum added to the cultures. The suppression was specific for spleen cells against which the alloantiserum was directed. The alloantisera suppressed responses most effectively when present during the first 24 h of incubation, and although not rendering lymphoid cells incapable of developing PFC responses after removal of noncell-bound antibody, did act by interfering with successful initiation of the PFC response. The alloantisera suppressed both IgM and IgG PFC responses when directed against alloantigens only on macrophages, but selectively suppressed IgG responses when directed against alloantigens only on lymphoid cells. The alloantisera did not interfere with the ability of macrophages to bind GAT or to support the viability of the lymphoid cells, but did interfere with the ability of macrophage-associated antigen to effectively stimulate antibody responses by the lymphoid cells. Possible mechanisms for the effects of alloantisera on macrophages and the selective suppression of IgG responses when the antisera are directed against alloantigens on lymphoid cells are discussed with reference to our current understanding of genetic restrictions governing cell interactions in the development of antibody responses in mice.

scholarly journals Impaired protective immunity and T helper 2 responses in alymphoplasia (aly) mutant mice infected with Trichinella spiralis

Immunology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Korenaga ◽  
Y. Akimaru ◽  
S. M. Shamsuzzaman ◽  
Y. Hashiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2

Interactions between infections with Eimeria spp. and Trichinella spiralis in inbred mice

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Roses ◽  
D. Wakelin ◽  
P. Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Immunological Interactions ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Lymph Node Cells ◽  
Worm Expulsion

SUMMARYParasitological and immunological interactions between Eimeria vermiformis or E. pragensis and Trichinella spiralis were investigated during concurrent infections in NIH, BALB/c and B10.G inbred mice. The establishment of T. spiralis was unaffected by the presence of either coccidium, but expulsion of adult worms was delayed significantly in mice infected with E. vermiformis; E. pragensis did not have this effect. Replication of E. vermiformis was enhanced in concurrent infections with T. spiralis, but that of E. pragensis was reduced. Specific immune responses to each parasite were unaffected in mice infected with T. spiralis and E. pragensis, but levels of some responses were reduced when T. spiralis and E. vermiformis were combined. Thus both in vitro antigen-induced proliferation of mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) and intestinal mastocytosis were lower than in singly infected mice. Mitogen (Con A) responsiveness of MLNC was not affected in mice infected with T. spiralis and E. vermiformis, and cells from these mice were capable of transferring protective immunity to the nematode in naive recipients. Injection of monoclonal antibody to interferon gamma, a major component of the cytokine response to E. vermiformis, did not prevent delay of worm expulsion in concurrent infections. The results are discussed in terms of possible interactions between the T helper cell subsets or the inflammatory components of the responses induced by each parasite.

Interferon resistance of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma–derived clonal T-helper 2 cells allows selective viral replication

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Dummer ◽  
Udo Döbbeling ◽  
Ralf Geertsen ◽  
Jörg Willers ◽  
Günter Burg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) comprise a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders that are characterized by an accumulation of T-lymphocytes in the skin and occasionally in blood known as Sézary syndrome (SS). In most cases the dominant clone displays T-helper 2 cytokines. Because IFN-γ is a natural inhibitor of T-helper 2 cells and IFN-α is frequently used in CTCL, the impact of IFNs on SS-derived purified clonal T-helper 2 cells was studied using anti-Vβ antibodies. Moreover, IFNs are known to mediate virus resistance in normal cells. The isolated clonal CD4+ cells, but not the nonclonal CD4+ cells, appeared resistant to IFN-γ and IFN-α stimulation in terms of human leukocyte antigen up-regulation and MxA induction caused in part by alterations in Stat-1 molecule mRNA and IFNγR1 mRNA transcription. The IFN resistance of the patient-derived clonal cells was then targeted by vesicular stomatitis virus infection after IFN-α priming, resulting in selective viral replication in clonal cells. In contrast, nonclonal cells of the same patient showed IFN-dependent MxA expression, which is a major mediator protein of viral protection. The IFN resistance of the dominant T-helper 2 cells might be important for lymphomagenesis. Interferon signaling deficiencies can be targeted for purging patients' cells in vitro. Furthermore, this approach may allow specific molecular interventions, resulting in the efficient treatment of CTCL and other IFN-resistant neoplasms such as lung cancer.

scholarly journals Predominant T Helper 2 Immune Responses againstBartonella henselaein Naturally Infected Cats

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Kabeya ◽  
Makiko Sase ◽  
Masaya Yamashita ◽  
Soichi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2

scholarly journals Adenovirus-Mediated CCR7 and BTLA Overexpression Enhances Immune Tolerance and Migration in Immature Dendritic Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiming Xin ◽  
Jinhong Zhu ◽  
Hongcheng Miao ◽  
Zhenyu Gong ◽  
Xiaochen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
T Helper ◽  
T Helper 2 ◽  
Immature Dendritic Cells ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions ◽  
Dc Maturation

Our previous report revealed that immature dendritic cells (imDCs) with adenovirus-mediated CCR7 overexpression acquired an enhanced migratory ability but also exhibited the lower immune tolerance observed in more mature cells. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether BTLA overexpression was sufficient to preserve immune tolerance in imDCs with exogenous CCR7 overexpression. Scanning electron microscopy and surface antigens analysis revealed that BTLA overexpression suppressed DC maturation, an effect further potentiated in CCR7 and BTLA cooverexpressing cells. Correspondingly, in vitro chemotaxis assays and mixed lymphocyte reactions demonstrated increased migratory potential and immune tolerance in CCR7 and BTLA coexpressing cells. Furthermore, CCR7 and BTLA cooverexpressed imDCs suppressed IFN-γ and IL-17 expression and promoted IL-4 and TGF-beta expression of lymphocyte, indicating an increase of T helper 2 (Th2) regulatory T cell (Treg). Thus, these data indicate that CCR7 and BTLA cooverexpression imparts an intermediate immune phenotype in imDCs when compared to that in CCR7- or BTLA-expressing counterparts that show a more immunocompetent or immunotolerant phenotype, respectively. All these results indicated that adenovirus-mediated CCR7 and BTLA overexpression could enhance immune tolerance and migration of imDCs. Our study provides a basis for further studies on imDCs in immune tolerance, with the goal of developing effective cellular immunotherapies for transplant recipients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of CpG-ODN-Adjuvanted Toxoplasma gondii Virus-Like Particle Vaccine upon One, Two, and Three Immunizations

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 989
Author(s):  
Hae-Ji Kang ◽  
Ki-Back Chu ◽  
Min-Ju Kim ◽  
Hyunwoo Park ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Cpg Odn ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Specific Igg

Successful vaccines against specific pathogens often require multiple immunizations and adjuvant usage. Yet, assessing the protective efficacy of different immunization regimens with adjuvanted Toxoplasma gondii vaccines remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the vaccine efficacy induced by CpG-ODN-adjuvanted T. gondii virus-like particles (VLPs) after challenge infection with T. gondii (ME49) in mice (BALB/c) upon one, two, and three immunizations. Immunization with adjuvanted T. gondii VLPs induced higher levels of T. gondii-specific IgG and/or IgA antibody responses, germinal center (GC) B cells, total B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with unadjuvanted VLPs. Increasing the number of immunizations was strongly correlated with enhanced protective immunity against T. gondii in mice, with the highest protection being demonstrated in mice thrice-immunized with either adjuvanted T. gondii VLPs or VLPs alone. Notably, lesser bodyweight reductions and cerebral cyst counts were observed in mice receiving multiple immunizations with the adjuvanted VLPs, thereby confirming the effectiveness of adjuvanted boost immunizations. These results demonstrated that multiple immunizations with T. gondii VLPs is an effective approach, and the CpG-ODN can be developed as an effective adjuvant for T. gondii VLP vaccines.

scholarly journals Investigation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Function during Allorejection in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4660
Author(s):  
Hsin-Fang Chang ◽  
Marie-Louise Wirkner ◽  
Elmar Krause ◽  
Jens Rettig
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
T Helper Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Helper Cells

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are an essential part of our immune system by killing infected and malignant cells. To fully understand this process, it is necessary to study CTL function in the physiological setting of a living organism to account for their interplay with other immune cells like CD4+ T helper cells and macrophages. The anterior chamber of the eye (ACE), originally developed for diabetes research, is ideally suited for non-invasive and longitudinal in vivo imaging. We take advantage of the ACE window to observe immune responses, particularly allorejection of islets of Langerhans cells by CTLs. We follow the onset of the rejection after vascularization on islets until the end of the rejection process for about a month by repetitive two-photon microscopy. We find that CTLs show reduced migration on allogeneic islets in vivo compared to in vitro data, indicating CTL activation. Interestingly, the temporal infiltration pattern of T cells during rejection is precisely regulated, showing enrichment of CD4+ T helper cells on the islets before arrival of CD8+ CTLs. The adaptation of the ACE to immune responses enables the examination of the mechanism and regulation of CTL-mediated killing in vivo and to further investigate the killing in gene-deficient mice that resemble severe human immune diseases.

scholarly journals Vaccine-Elicited Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses Are Associated with Reduced Simian Immunodeficiency Viremia in Infant Rhesus Macaques

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (16) ◽  
pp. 7285-7302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Jensen ◽  
Rafiq Nabi ◽  
Koen K. A. Van Rompay ◽  
Spencer Robichaux ◽  
Jeffrey D. Lifson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Specific Igg

ABSTRACTDespite significant progress in reducing peripartum mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with antiretroviral therapy (ART), continued access to ART throughout the breastfeeding period is still a limiting factor, and breast milk exposure to HIV accounts for up to 44% of MTCT. As abstinence from breastfeeding is not recommended, alternative means are needed to prevent MTCT of HIV. We have previously shown that oral vaccination at birth with live attenuatedMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) genes safely induces persistent SIV-specific cellular and humoral immune responses both systemically and at the oral and intestinal mucosa. Here, we tested the ability of oralM. tuberculosisvaccine strains expressing SIV Env and Gag proteins, followed by systemic heterologous (MVA-SIV Env/Gag/Pol) boosting, to protect neonatal macaques against oral SIV challenge. While vaccination did not protect infant macaques against oral SIV acquisition, a subset of immunized animals had significantly lower peak viremia which inversely correlated with prechallenge SIV Env-specific salivary and intestinal IgA responses and higher-avidity SIV Env-specific IgG in plasma. These controller animals also maintained CD4+T cell populations better and showed reduced tissue pathology compared to noncontroller animals. We show that infants vaccinated at birth can develop vaccine-induced SIV-specific IgA and IgG antibodies and cellular immune responses within weeks of life. Our data further suggest that affinity maturation of vaccine-induced plasma antibodies and induction of mucosal IgA responses at potential SIV entry sites are associated with better control of viral replication, thereby likely reducing SIV morbidity.IMPORTANCEDespite significant progress in reducing peripartum MTCT of HIV with ART, continued access to ART throughout the breastfeeding period is still a limiting factor. Breast milk exposure to HIV accounts for up to 44% of MTCT. Alternative measures, in addition to ART, are needed to achieve the goal of an AIDS-free generation. Pediatric HIV vaccines constitute a core component of such efforts. The results of our pediatric vaccine study highlight the potential importance of vaccine-elicited mucosal Env-specific IgA responses in combination with high-avidity systemic Env-specific IgG in protection against oral SIV transmission and control of viral replication in infant macaques. The induction of potent mucosal IgA antibodies by our vaccine is remarkable considering the age-dependent development of mucosal IgA responses postbirth. A deeper understanding of postnatal immune development may inform the design of improved vaccine strategies to enhance systemic and mucosal SIV/HIV antibody responses.

scholarly journals Modulation of Tetraspanin 32 (TSPAN32) Expression in T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses and in Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvo Danilo Lombardo ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon ◽  
Maria Sofia Basile ◽  
Giorgia Campo ◽  
Federica Corsico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Healthy Donors

Tetraspanins are a conserved family of proteins involved in a number of biological processes including, cell–cell interactions, fertility, cancer metastasis and immune responses. It has previously been shown that TSPAN32 knockout mice have normal hemopoiesis and B-cell responses, but hyperproliferative T cells. Here, we show that TSPAN32 is expressed at higher levels in the lymphoid lineage as compared to myeloid cells. In vitro activation of T helper cells via anti-CD3/CD28 is associated with a significant downregulation of TSPAN32. Interestingly, engagement of CD3 is sufficient to modulate TSPAN32 expression, and its effect is potentiated by costimulation with anti-CD28, but not anti-CTLA4, -ICOS nor -PD1. Accordingly, we measured the transcriptomic levels of TSPAN32 in polarized T cells under Th1 and Th2 conditions and TSPAN32 resulted significantly reduced as compared with unstimulated cells. On the other hand, in Treg cells, TSPAN32 underwent minor changes upon activation. The in vitro data were finally translated into the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). Encephalitogenic T cells from Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice showed significantly lower levels of TSPAN32 and increased levels of CD9, CD53, CD82 and CD151. Similarly, in vitro-activated circulating CD4 T cells from MS patients showed lower levels of TSPAN32 as compared with cells from healthy donors. Overall, these data suggest an immunoregulatory role for TSPAN32 in T helper immune response and may represent a target of future immunoregulatory therapies for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.

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