Infection Structures and Localization of the Pathogenesis-related Protein AP24 in Leaves of Tomato Plants Exhibiting Systemic Acquired Resistance against Phytophthora infestans after Pre-treatment with 3-Aminobutyric acid or Tobacco Necrosis Virus

2001 ◽  
Vol 149 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 141-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeun ◽  
Buchenauer
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Tobacco Necrosis Virus ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Pre Treatment

Differential responses of Coffea arabica L. leaves and roots to chemically induced systemic acquired resistance

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1594-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Nardi ◽  
René Dreos ◽  
Lorenzo Del Terra ◽  
Chiara Martellossi ◽  
Elisa Asquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Coffea arabica is susceptible to several pests and diseases, some of which affect the leaves and roots. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is the main defence mechanism activated in plants in response to pathogen attack. Here, we report the effects of benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-s-methyl ester (BTH), a SAR chemical inducer, on the expression profile of C. arabica. Two cDNA libraries were constructed from the mRNA isolated from leaves and embryonic roots to create 1587 nonredundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs). We developed a cDNA microarray containing 1506 ESTs from the leaves and embryonic roots, and 48 NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat) gene fragments derived from 2 specific genomic libraries. Competitive hybridization between untreated and BTH-treated leaves resulted in 55 genes that were significantly overexpressed and 16 genes that were significantly underexpressed. In the roots, 37 and 42 genes were over and underexpressed, respectively. A general shift in metabolism from housekeeping to defence occurred in the leaves and roots after BTH treatment. We observed a systemic increase in pathogenesis-related protein synthesis, in the oxidative burst, and in the cell wall strengthening processes. Moreover, responses in the roots and leaves varied significantly.

scholarly journals Systemic Modulation of Gene Expression in Tomato by Trichoderma hamatum 382

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Alfano ◽  
M. L. Lewis Ivey ◽  
C. Cakir ◽  
J. I. B. Bos ◽  
S. A. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Trichoderma Hamatum ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression

A light sphagnum peat mix inoculated with Trichoderma hamatum 382 consistently provided a significant (P = 0.05) degree of protection against bacterial spot of tomato and its pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria 110c compared with the control peat mix, even though this biocontrol agent did not colonize aboveground plant parts. To gain insight into the mechanism by which T. hamatum 382 induced resistance in tomato, high-density oligonucleotide microarrays were used to determine its effect on the expression pattern of 15,925 genes in leaves just before they were inoculated with the pathogen. T. hamatum 382 consistently modulated the expression of genes in tomato leaves. We identified 45 genes to be differentially expressed across the replicated treatments, and 41 of these genes could be assigned to at least one of seven functional categories. T. hamatum 382-induced genes have functions associated with biotic or abiotic stress, as well as RNA, DNA, and protein metabolism. Four extensin and extensin-like proteins were induced. However, besides pathogenesis-related protein 5, the main markers of systemic acquired resistance were not significantly induced. This work showed that T. hamatum 382 actively induces systemic changes in plant physiology and disease resistance through systemic modulation of the expression of stress and metabolism genes.

scholarly journals The Antifungal Activity of Ag/CHI NPs against Rhizoctonia solani Linked with Tomato Plant Health

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2283
Author(s):  
Ameena A. Al-Surhanee ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Nahla Alsayed Bouqellah ◽  
Salama A. Ouf ◽  
Sajid Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Pathogenic infestations are significant threats to vegetable yield, and have become an urgent problem to be solved. Rhizoctonia solani is one of the worst fungi affecting tomato crops, reducing yield in some regions. It is a known fact that plants have their own defense against such infestations; however, it is unclear whether any exogenous material can help plants against infestation. Therefore, we performed greenhouse experiments to evaluate the impacts of R. solani on 15- and 30-day old tomato plants after fungal infestation, and estimated the antifungal activity of nanoparticles (NPs) against the pathogen. We observed severe pathogenic impacts on the above-ground tissues of tomato plants which would affect plant physiology and crop production. Pathogenic infection reduced total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents, which subsequently disturbed plant physiology. Further, total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly increased in pathogen treatments. Constitutively, enhanced activities were estimated for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS)in pathogen-treated plants. Moreover, pathogenesis-related genes, namely, chitinase, plant glutathione S-transferase (GST), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL1), pathogenesis-related protein (PR12), and pathogenesis-related protein (PR1) were evaluated, with significant differences between treated and control plants. In vitro and greenhouse antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), chitosan nanoparticles, and Ag NPs/CHI NPs composites and plant health was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry. We found astonishing results, namely, that Ag and CHI have antifungal activities against R. solani. Overall, plant health was much improved following treatment with Ag NPs/CHI NPs composites. In order to manage R. solani pathogenicity and improve tomato health, Ag/CHI NPs composites could be used infield as well as on commercial levels based on recommendations. However, there is an urgent need to first evaluate whether these NP composites have any secondary impacts on human health or the environment.

scholarly journals Effect of Treating Apple Trees with Acibenzolar-S-Methyl on Fire Blight and Expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Maxson-Stein ◽  
Sheng-Yang He ◽  
Raymond Hammerschmidt ◽  
Alan L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
In Fire

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM, Actigard 50 WG), a synthetic inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, was evaluated for the control of fire blight on apple trees in the field and for PR protein gene expression in apple seedlings in the greenhouse. Expression of putative genes related to SAR induction was elevated in ASM-treated apple seedlings 2 to 7 days after treatment; levels of PR-1 and PR-8 RNA were increased 10-fold and PR-2 RNA was increased 100-fold in ASM-treated seedlings over levels in untreated seedlings. Spurs and shoots on Jonathan trees sprayed with ASM at 75 mg a.i./liter at pink and at weekly intervals thereafter had significantly less fire blight than untreated trees, both from natural infection and following artificial inoculation with the pathogen. Less fire blight was observed on trees sprayed weekly with ASM than on trees sprayed biweekly. The severity of fire blight on inoculated shoots of Fuji apple decreased with increasing rates of ASM (0 to 300 mg a.i./liter), and ASM combined with streptomycin showed enhanced activity over ASM at 75 mg a.i./liter alone. In general, ASM was not superior to streptomycin for fire blight control, but integrating a weekly schedule of ASM, preferably at 150 mg a.i./liter, with a schedule of streptomycin designed for blossom blight control appears promising for overall improvement in fire blight control.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Biosynthetic Genes Expressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain P3 Improve the Induction of Systemic Resistance in Tobacco Against Tobacco Necrosis Virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maurhofer ◽  
C. Reimmann ◽  
P. Schmidli-Sacherer ◽  
S. Heeb ◽  
D. Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Expression Vectors ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Tobacco Necrosis Virus ◽  
Induce Systemic Resistance ◽  
Necrosis Virus

Application of salicylic acid induces systemic acquired resistance in tobacco. pchA and pchB, which encode for the biosynthesis of salicylic acid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were cloned into two expression vectors, and these constructs were introduced into two root-colonizing strains of P. fluorescens. Introduction of pchBA into strain P3, which does not produce salicylic acid, rendered this strain capable of salicylic acid production in vitro and significantly improved its ability to induce systemic resistance in tobacco against tobacco necrosis virus. Strain CHA0 is a well-described biocontrol agent that naturally produces salicylic acid under conditions of iron limitation. Introduction of pchBA into CHA0 increased the production of salicylic acid in vitro and in the rhizosphere of tobacco, but did not improve the ability of CHA0 to induce systemic resistance in tobacco. In addition, these genes did not improve significantly the capacity of strains P3 and CHA0 to suppress black root rot of tobacco in a gnotobiotic system.

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