Differential responses of Coffea arabica L. leaves and roots to chemically induced systemic acquired resistance

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1594-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Nardi ◽  
René Dreos ◽  
Lorenzo Del Terra ◽  
Chiara Martellossi ◽  
Elisa Asquini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Genomic Libraries ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Coffea arabica is susceptible to several pests and diseases, some of which affect the leaves and roots. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is the main defence mechanism activated in plants in response to pathogen attack. Here, we report the effects of benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-s-methyl ester (BTH), a SAR chemical inducer, on the expression profile of C. arabica. Two cDNA libraries were constructed from the mRNA isolated from leaves and embryonic roots to create 1587 nonredundant expressed sequence tags (ESTs). We developed a cDNA microarray containing 1506 ESTs from the leaves and embryonic roots, and 48 NBS-LRR (nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat) gene fragments derived from 2 specific genomic libraries. Competitive hybridization between untreated and BTH-treated leaves resulted in 55 genes that were significantly overexpressed and 16 genes that were significantly underexpressed. In the roots, 37 and 42 genes were over and underexpressed, respectively. A general shift in metabolism from housekeeping to defence occurred in the leaves and roots after BTH treatment. We observed a systemic increase in pathogenesis-related protein synthesis, in the oxidative burst, and in the cell wall strengthening processes. Moreover, responses in the roots and leaves varied significantly.

scholarly journals Systemic Modulation of Gene Expression in Tomato by Trichoderma hamatum 382

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Alfano ◽  
M. L. Lewis Ivey ◽  
C. Cakir ◽  
J. I. B. Bos ◽  
S. A. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Trichoderma Hamatum ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Modulation Of Gene Expression

A light sphagnum peat mix inoculated with Trichoderma hamatum 382 consistently provided a significant (P = 0.05) degree of protection against bacterial spot of tomato and its pathogen Xanthomonas euvesicatoria 110c compared with the control peat mix, even though this biocontrol agent did not colonize aboveground plant parts. To gain insight into the mechanism by which T. hamatum 382 induced resistance in tomato, high-density oligonucleotide microarrays were used to determine its effect on the expression pattern of 15,925 genes in leaves just before they were inoculated with the pathogen. T. hamatum 382 consistently modulated the expression of genes in tomato leaves. We identified 45 genes to be differentially expressed across the replicated treatments, and 41 of these genes could be assigned to at least one of seven functional categories. T. hamatum 382-induced genes have functions associated with biotic or abiotic stress, as well as RNA, DNA, and protein metabolism. Four extensin and extensin-like proteins were induced. However, besides pathogenesis-related protein 5, the main markers of systemic acquired resistance were not significantly induced. This work showed that T. hamatum 382 actively induces systemic changes in plant physiology and disease resistance through systemic modulation of the expression of stress and metabolism genes.

scholarly journals Effect of Treating Apple Trees with Acibenzolar-S-Methyl on Fire Blight and Expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein Genes

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Maxson-Stein ◽  
Sheng-Yang He ◽  
Raymond Hammerschmidt ◽  
Alan L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Weekly Schedule ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Fuji Apple ◽  
In Fire

Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM, Actigard 50 WG), a synthetic inducer of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, was evaluated for the control of fire blight on apple trees in the field and for PR protein gene expression in apple seedlings in the greenhouse. Expression of putative genes related to SAR induction was elevated in ASM-treated apple seedlings 2 to 7 days after treatment; levels of PR-1 and PR-8 RNA were increased 10-fold and PR-2 RNA was increased 100-fold in ASM-treated seedlings over levels in untreated seedlings. Spurs and shoots on Jonathan trees sprayed with ASM at 75 mg a.i./liter at pink and at weekly intervals thereafter had significantly less fire blight than untreated trees, both from natural infection and following artificial inoculation with the pathogen. Less fire blight was observed on trees sprayed weekly with ASM than on trees sprayed biweekly. The severity of fire blight on inoculated shoots of Fuji apple decreased with increasing rates of ASM (0 to 300 mg a.i./liter), and ASM combined with streptomycin showed enhanced activity over ASM at 75 mg a.i./liter alone. In general, ASM was not superior to streptomycin for fire blight control, but integrating a weekly schedule of ASM, preferably at 150 mg a.i./liter, with a schedule of streptomycin designed for blossom blight control appears promising for overall improvement in fire blight control.

scholarly journals Systemic Acquired Resistance in Canola Is Linked with Pathogenesis-Related Gene Expression and Requires Salicylic Acid

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobha D. Potlakayala ◽  
Darwin W. Reed ◽  
Patrick S. Covello ◽  
Pierre R. Fobert
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an induced defense response that confers long-lasting protection against a broad range of microbial pathogens. Here we show that treatment of Brassica napus plants with the SAR-inducing chemical benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH) significantly enhanced resistance against virulent strains of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola and the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. Localized preinoculation of plants with an avirulent strain of P. syringae pv. maculicola also enhanced resistance to these pathogens but was not as effective as BTH treatment. Single applications of either SAR-inducing pretreatment were effective against P. syringae pv. maculicola, even when given more than 3 weeks prior to the secondary challenge. The pretreatments also led to the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, including BnPR-1 and BnPR-2, with higher levels of transcripts observed in the BTH-treatment material. B. napus plants expressing a bacterial salicylate hydroxylase transgene (NahG) that metabolizes salicylic acid to catechol were substantially compromised in SAR and accumulated reduced levels of PR gene transcripts when compared with untransformed controls. Thus, SAR in B. napus displays many of the hallmarks of classical SAR including long lasting and broad host range resistance, association with PR gene activation, and a requirement for salicylic acid.

The roles of methyl jasmonate to stress in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaxia Yu ◽  
Wenjin Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiaojia Zhang ◽  
Duoyong Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Plants are constantly exposed to various stresses, which can degrade their health. The stresses can be alleviated by the application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), which is a hormone involved in plant signalling. MeJA induces synthesis of defensive compounds and initiates the expression of pathogenesis-related genes involved in systemic acquired resistance and local resistance. Thus, MeJA may be used against pathogens, salt stress, drought stress, low temperature, heavy metal stress and toxicities of other elements. The application of MeJA improves growth, induces the accumulation of active compounds, and affects endogenous hormones levels, and other physiological and biochemical characteristics in stressed plants. Furthermore, MeJA antagonises the adverse effects of osmotic stress by regulating inorganic penetrating ions or organic penetrants to suppress the absorption of toxic ions. MeJA also mitigates oxidative stress by activating antioxidant systems to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stressed plants. For these reasons, we reviewed the use of exogenous MeJA in alleviating biotic (pathogens and insects) and abiotic stresses in plants.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification, evolution, and expression analysis of the NPR1-like gene family in pears

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12617
Author(s):  
Yarui Wei ◽  
Shuliang Zhao ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Yuxing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Genome Level

The NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) plays a master regulatory role in the salicylic acid (SA) signal transduction pathway and plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Members of the NPR1-like gene family have been reported to the associated with biotic/abiotic stress in many plants, however the genome-wide characterization of NPR1-like genes has not been carried out in Chinese pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Reld). In this study, a systematic analysis was conducted on the characteristics of the NPR1-like genes in P. bretschneideri Reld at the whole-genome level. A total nine NPR1-like genes were detected which eight genes were located on six chromosomes and one gene was mapped to scaffold. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the nine PbrNPR1-like proteins were divided into three clades (Clades I–III) had similar gene structure, domain and conserved motifs. We sorted the cis-acting elements into three clades, including plant growth and development, stress responses, and hormone responses in the promoter regions of PbrNPR1-like genes. The result of qPCR analysis showed that expression diversity of PbrNPR1-like genes in various tissues. All the genes were up-regulated after SA treatment in leaves except for Pbrgene8896. PbrNPR1-like genes showed circadian rhythm and significantly different expression levels after inoculation with Alternaria alternata. These findings provide a solid insight for understanding the functions and evolution of PbrNPR1-like genes in Chinese pear.

scholarly journals Comparison of Methods of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Application for Post-Infection Fire Blight Suppression in Pear and Apple

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Johnson ◽  
Todd N. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Guide Field ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

Greenhouse-grown, 1-year-old potted ‘Bosc’ pear and apple rootstock cultivars ‘M.9’ and ‘M.26’ were inoculated with the fire blight pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, and subjected to trunk paint, root drench, or foliar spray treatments with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM, 4 to 30 mg a.i./tree) to induce systemic acquired resistance. Each method of ASM treatment suppressed fire blight canker expansion by 22 to 25%. Furthermore, ASM application method and ASM treatment timing (at or ±3 weeks relative to inoculation) interacted significantly (P ≤ 0.02) in each experiment. A root drench was most effective when applied 3 weeks before inoculation (36% suppression) whereas trunk paints and foliar sprays were more effective at inoculation (43 and 34%, suppression, respectively). Sizes of fire blight cankers in potted apple rootstocks M.9 and M.26 (under scions ‘Gala’ or ‘Cameo’) inoculated directly with the pathogen were reduced by 82 and 87% after two pretreatments of ASM applied as a trunk paint or root drench, respectively. Expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR-1 and -2 in apple leaves sampled after an ASM trunk paint were elevated significantly (P ≤ 0.05) relative to control trees for at least 9 weeks after treatment. Results of this study are being used to guide field research on postinfection therapy with ASM in 1- to 10-year-old pear and apple trees where fire blight has proven difficult to manage with therapeutic pruning only.

scholarly journals N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid is a mobile signal that induces systemic disease resistance in Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Chu Chen ◽  
Eric C. Holmes ◽  
Jakub Rajniak ◽  
Jung-Gun Kim ◽  
Sandy Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Pipecolic Acid ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

AbstractSystemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a global response in plants induced at the site of infection that leads to long-lasting and broad-spectrum disease resistance at distal, uninfected tissues. Despite the importance of this priming mechanism, the identity of the mobile defense signal that moves systemically throughout plants to initiate SAR has remained elusive. In this paper, we describe a new metabolite, N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (N-OH-Pip), and provide evidence that this molecule is a mobile signal that plays a central role in initiating SAR signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1), a key regulator of SAR-associated defense priming, can synthesize N-OH-Pip from pipecolic acid in planta, and exogenously applied N-OH-PIP moves systemically in Arabidopsis and can rescue the SAR-deficiency of fmo1 mutants. We also demonstrate that N-OH-Pip treatment causes systemic changes in the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and metabolic pathways throughout the plant, and enhances resistance to a bacterial pathogen. This work provides new insight into the chemical nature of a mobile signal for SAR and also suggests that the N-OH-Pip pathway is a promising target for metabolic engineering to enhance disease resistance.

scholarly journals Induce the plant resistance to pathogen infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ezzat ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism of induced defense that confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Salicylic acid (SA) is the signal molecule which is required for induce SAR and is associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, which are thought to contribute to resistance. SA paly vital role in some related resistance gene expression in plant cell which have direct or indirect effect on pathogen growth as SA has direct toxicity for pathogen and in the same time has stimulation effect for some enzyme related to reduce the oxidative burst.

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