scholarly journals Diagnosis dan penanganan rehabilitasi medik pada anak dengan Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayu D. Susanto ◽  
Lidwina S. Sengkey
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Dsm Iv

Abstract: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. The average age of onset is 7 years old. Symptoms in children is characteriterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, or a combination of these symptoms, which compromise basic daily functions such as learning to read and making friends. ADHD is a complex disorder of impairment of brain functions, associated with low rates of high-school graduation and completion of postsecondary education as well as poor peer relationships, even when it is appropriately managed, leading to high economic and social burdens. In many cases, it is accompanied by one or more serious psychiatric comorbidities. In practice, the diagnosis is often made in children who meet some but not all of the criteria recommended in DSM-IV. According to National Institute of Mental Health and professional organizations such as AACAP, the management of children with ADHD is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. The managerial team of children with ADHD involves medical rehabilitation specialists, physiatrists with occupational therapiests, psychologists, social workers, parents, teachers, care givers, and environment.Keywords: ADHD, inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, rehabilitation medicineAbstrak: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) adalah adanya pola menetap dari inatensi yang disertai hiperaktifitas dan impulsivitas, umumnya terjadi pada anak usia dini dan usia sekolah. Gejala dapat diketahui sebelum usia 7 tahun dan dapat menetap sampai masa remaja dan dewasa. ADHD dapat mengganggu fungsi dasar seorang anak, permasalahan dalam hal belajar, dan kesulitan membina hubungan dengan teman. ADHD merupakan gangguan yang kompleks dari fungsi otak yang menimbulkan masalah dalam pendidikan dan sosial serta membutuhkan biaya yang cukup besar. Pada banyak kasus disertai oleh 1 atau lebih masalah psikiatri yang serius. Kriteria diagnosis didasarkan pada Diagnostic and Statistic Manual IV (DSM-IV). Sampai saat ini belum ada satu jenis terapi yang dapat diakui untuk menyembuhkan anak dengan ADHD secara total. Berdasarkan National Institute of Mental Health serta organisasi profesi lainnya di dunia seperti AACAP penanganan anak dengan ADHD ialah dengan pendekatan komprehensif yang multidisiplin dan multimodal. Penanganan pada anak dengan ADHD melibatkan multidisipliner ilmu termasuk dokter spesialis kedokteran fisik dan rehabilitasi bersama tim termasuk psikolog, okupasi terapi, sosial medik, orang tua, guru, care giver dan lingkungan.Kata kunci: ADHD, inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, rehabilitation medicine

scholarly journals Physical Health, Media Use, and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents With ADHD During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 108705472097854
Author(s):  
Emma Sciberras ◽  
Pooja Patel ◽  
Mark A. Stokes ◽  
David Coghill ◽  
Christel M. Middeldorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Family Time ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To examine the impact of COVID-19 restrictions among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Parents of 213 Australian children (5–17 years) with ADHD completed a survey in May 2020 when COVID-19 restrictions were in place (i.e., requiring citizens to stay at home except for essential reasons). Results: Compared to pre-pandemic, children had less exercise (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.4; 95% CI 0.3–0.6), less outdoor time (OR = 0.4; 95% 0.3–0.6), and less enjoyment in activities (OR = 6.5; 95% CI 4.0–10.4), while television (OR = 4.0; 95% CI 2.5–6.5), social media (OR = 2.4; 95% CI 1.3–4.5), gaming (OR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.3–3.0), sad/depressed mood (OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.2–2.8), and loneliness (OR = 3.6; 95% CI 2.3–5.5) were increased. Child stress about COVID-19 restrictions was associated with poorer functioning across most domains. Most parents (64%) reported positive changes for their child including more family time. Conclusions: COVID-19 restrictions were associated with both negative and positive impacts among children with ADHD.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Swansburg ◽  
Tasmia Hai ◽  
Frank P MacMaster ◽  
Jean-François Lemay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Lifestyle Habits ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Screen Use

Abstract Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic created an environment of restricted access to health and recreation services. Lifestyle habits including sleep, eating, exercise, and screen use were modified, potentially exacerbating adverse mental health outcomes. This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle habits and mental health symptoms in paediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Canada. Methods An online survey was distributed across Canada to caregivers of children with ADHD (children aged 5 to 18 years) assessing depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), ADHD (SNAP-IV), and lifestyle behaviours. Data were analyzed by gender (male/female) and age category (5 to 8, 9 to 12, and 13 to 18 years). Spearman’s correlations between lifestyle habits and mental health outcomes were conducted. Results A total of 587 surveys were completed. Mean child age was 10.14 years (SD 3.06), including 166 females (28.3%). The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 indicated that 17.4% and 14.1% of children met criteria for moderately severe to severe depression and anxiety symptoms respectively. Children met SNAP-IV cut-off scores for inattention (73.7%), hyperactivity/impulsivity (66.8%), and oppositional defiant disorder (38.6%) behaviours. Caregivers reported changes in sleep (77.5%), eating (58.9%), exercise (83.7%), and screen use (92.9%) in their ADHD child, greatly impacting youth. Sleeping fewer hours/night, eating more processed foods, and watching TV/playing videogames >3.5 hours/day correlated with greater depression, anxiety and ADHD symptoms, and exercising <1 hour/day further correlated with depression symptoms (P<0.01). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in less healthy lifestyle habits and increased mental health symptoms in Canadian children with ADHD. Longitudinal studies to better understand the relationship between these factors are recommended.

scholarly journals Computerized Stroop Test to Assess Selective Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Carolina dos Santos Assef ◽  
Alessandra Gotuzo Seabra Capovilla ◽  
Fernando Cesar Capovilla
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Target Stimulus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv

Research shows abnormal function of the pre-frontal cortex in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This cortex is involved in the control of executive functions related to planning and execution of goal-oriented strategies, working memory, inhibitions, cognitive flexibility, and selective attention. Selective attention involves focus on the target stimulus, ignoring competing distractions. The Stroop Test (Stroop, 1935) is usually used to evaluate selective attention. This study investigated whether children with ADHD could exhibit modified performance in the Stroop Test. Using a computerized version of this test (Capovilla, Montiel, Macedo, & Charin, 2005), the study compared the reaction times (RTs) of 62 Brazilian children, between 8 and 12 years of age, 31 of whom were diagnosed with ADHD and sent to psychiatric clinics, and 31 without ADHD studying in regular schools. All children with ADHD satisfied the criteria of the DSM-IV-TR and were evaluated with the Conners Abbreviated Questionnaire (Goyette, Conners, & Ulrich, 1978), completed by parents and teachers. The results revealed that children with ADHD exhibit greater interference in RT than children without ADHD. This corroborated the hypothesis that children with ADHD exhibit a deficit in selective attention, consisting in augmented RTs, as measured by the Computerized Stroop Test.

Mental health

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Challenging Behaviour ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Self Harm

Anorexia nervosa 734Bulimia nervosa 736Enuresis 738Encopresis 740Depression 742Deliberate self-harm 744Challenging behaviour 746Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 748Autism 750Anxiety 752Conduct/antisocial disorder 754Substance misuse 756• Incidence: 0.8–8 in 100 000 individuals per year.• Peak age of onset: 15–19 years....

Impact of the DSM-V Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Criteria for Diagnosing Children With High IQ

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therdpong Thongseiratch ◽  
Juthamas Worachotekamjorn
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pervasive Developmental Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
Dsm Iv

This study compared the number of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV versus DSM-V criterion in children who have learning or behavioral problems with high IQ. The medical records of children ≤15 years of age who presented with learning or behavioral problems and underwent a Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)-III IQ test at the Pediatric Outpatient Clinic unit between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed. Information on DSM-IV and DSM-V criteria for ADHD were derived from computer-based medical records. Twenty-eight children who had learning or behavioral problems were identified to have a full-scale IQ ≥120. Sixteen of these high-IQ children met the DSM-IV criteria diagnosis for ADHD. Applying the extension of the age-of-onset criterion from 7 to 12 years in DSM-V led to an increase of three cases, all of which were the inattentive type ADHD. Including the pervasive developmental disorder criterion led to an increase of one case. The total number of ADHD cases also increased from 16 to 20 in this group. The data supported the hypothesis that applying the extension of the age-of-onset ADHD criterion and enabling the diagnosis of children with pervasive developmental disorders will increase the number of ADHD diagnoses among children with high IQ.

scholarly journals A review of changes to the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder age of onset criterion using the checklist for modifying disease definitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Sanders ◽  
Rae Thomas ◽  
Paul Glasziou ◽  
Jenny Doust
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Widening definitions of health conditions have the potential to affect millions of people and should only occur when there is strong evidence of benefit. In the last version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the DSM-5 Committee changed the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) age of onset criterion in two ways: raising the age of symptom onset and removing the requirement for symptoms to cause impairment. Given concerns about ADHD prevalence and treatment rates, we aimed to evaluate the evidence available to support these changes using a recently developed Checklist for Modifying Disease Definitions. Methods We identified and analysed research informing changes to the DSM-IV-TR ADHD age of onset criterion. We compared this evidence to the evidence recommended in the Checklist for Modifying Disease Definitions. Results The changes to the DSM-IV-TR age of onset criterion were based on a literature review (publicly available as a 2 page document with online table of included studies), which we appraised as at high risk of bias. Estimates of the change in ADHD prevalence resulting from change to the age of onset criterion were based on a single study that included only a small number of children with ADHD (n = 68) and only assessed the impact of change to the age component of the criterion. No evidence was used by, or available to the Committee regarding the impact on prevalence of removal of the requirement for impairment, or the effect of the criterion changes on diagnostic precision, the prognosis of, or the potential benefits or harms for individuals diagnosed by the new, but not old criterion. Conclusions The changes to the age of onset criterion were based on minimal research evidence that suffered from either high risk of bias or poor applicability. The minimal documentation available makes it difficult to judge the rigor of the process behind the criterion changes. Use of the Checklist for Modifying Disease Definitions would assist future proposed modifications of the DSM ADHD criteria, provide guidance on the studies needed to inform potential changes and would improve the transparency and documentation of the process.

Neuropsychological Functioning in Children With DSM-IV Combined Type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 771-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Tripp ◽  
Junita Ryan ◽  
Kathryn Peace
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Frontal Lobes ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

Objective: To compare the global cognitive functioning and frontal lobe functioning of children with and without DSM-IV combined type Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Method: Participants were 6 to 10 year old, clinic-referred children diagnosed with combined type ADHD, who were medication naïve; and an age (± 3 months) and sex matched group of children without behaviour problems. The performance of the two groups were compared on measures of intellectual functioning and tests designed to assess the functions of the frontal lobes (verbal and-non-verbal fluency, reasoning, problem solving, spatial working memory, attention). Results: The children with ADHD obtained significantly lower Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-third edition IQ scores than controls and performed more poorly across the range of frontal lobe tests. Group differences on these tests were attenuated when IQ scores were included in the analyses as a covariate. Conclusions: Children with combined type ADHD have mild to moderate global cognitive impairment together with some impairment of functions subserved by the frontal lobes. Longitudinal studies are required to determine if the deficit in global cognitive functioning is a primary deficit or secondary to the deficit in frontal lobe functioning. The importance of neuropsychological assessment and follow-up for children with ADHD is stressed. Study limitations relate to the generalizability of the findings and the absence of a psychiatric control group.

Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chiao-Ling Hung ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence From DSM-IV Field Trials

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Lahey ◽  
B. Applegate ◽  
K. McBurnett ◽  
J. Biederman ◽  
L. Greenhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dsm Iv
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