Differential effects of NT-3 on reinnervation of the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and the slow soleus muscle of rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Simon ◽  
G. Terenghi ◽  
C. J. Green ◽  
G. R. Coulton
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Differential Effects

scholarly journals Activity of mu- and m-calpain in regenerating fast and slow twitch skeletal muscles.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Moraczewski ◽  
E Piekarska ◽  
M Zimowska ◽  
M Sobolewska
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Calpain Ii ◽  
Complete Regeneration

Calpains--non-lysosomal intracellular calcium-activated neutral proteinases, form a family consisting of several distinct members. Two of the isoenzymes: mu (calpain I) and m (calpain II) responded differently to the injury during complete regeneration of Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle and partial regeneration of Soleus muscle. In the crushed EDL the level of m-calpain on the 3rd and 7th day of regeneration was higher than in non-operated muscles, whereas the activity of this calpain in injured Soleus decreased. The level of mu-calpain in EDL oscillated irregularly during regeneration whereas in Soleus of both injured and contralateral muscles its level rapidly rose. Our results support the hypothesis that m-calpain is involved in the process of fusion of myogenic cells whereas mu-calpain plays a significant but indirect role in muscle regeneration.

Histochemical fiber type distribution and epinephrine sensitivity in normal and cross-transplanted rat muscles

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Kennedy ◽  
Franz S. F. Mong ◽  
James L. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Control Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution ◽  
Epinephrine Dose

The metabolic integrity of fully regenerated transplants was investigated by measuring induced changes in glycogen concentration. The extensor digitorum longus and the soleus muscles were cross transplanted: the extensor digitorum longus into the soleus muscle bed (SOLT) and the soleus muscle into the extensor digitorum longus bed (EDLT). The histochemical fiber type distribution of the regenerated muscles was determined and was found to transform in cross-transplanted EDLT and SOLT. After transplantation and regeneration, both muscles had initially low glycogen concentrations. However, the EDLT glycogen concentration was not significantly different from that of the contralateral extensor digitoium longus control muscle after 60 days. In the SOLT, glycogen gradually increased but remained less than in the contralateral soleus control muscle. SOLT and control soleus muscles responded with a significant glycogen depletion to an epinephrine dose two orders of magnitude less than the lowest dose affecting glycogen levels in EDLT and extensor digitorum longus muscles. These results indicate that transplanted muscles are capable of regenerating normal glycogenolytic responses and that the sensitivity of the response observed depends on the site of transplantation and is related to the type of innervation and histochemical fiber type.

Potentiation of the halothane-cooling contractures of mammalian muscles by denervation

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarete M. Trachez ◽  
R. Takashi Sudo ◽  
G. Suarez-Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Denervated Muscles

Denervation potentiated the cooling-induced contractures and the halothane-cooling contractures of isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles of the mouse. These effects were more striking in extensor digitorum longus than in soleus muscles. Significant increases in the peak amplitudes of the halothane-cooling contractures of both muscles and of the cooling contractures of soleus muscle were observed within 2 and 7 days of denervation. The potentiation of the contractures persisted for 90 days, the period of this study. Denervation (>2 days) endowed extensor digitorum longus with the ability to generate cooling contractures in the absence of halothane. The rate of tension development of cooling-induced contractures in the absence or presence of halothane was significantly greater in denervated (2–90 days) than in innervated muscles. Denervation also reduced the effectiveness of procaine in inhibiting the halothane-cooling contractures. It is proposed that the potentiation of cooling-induced contractures in denervated muscles results primarily from an increase in the rate of efflux and in the quantity of Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, upon cooling and (or) when challenged with halothane.Key words: denervation, excitation–contraction coupling, halothane, cooling-induced contractures, skeletal muscle.

Life-long calorie restriction in Fischer 344 rats attenuates age-related loss in skeletal muscle-specific force and reduces extracellular space

2003 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 2554-2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Payne ◽  
Stephen L. Dodd ◽  
Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Specific Force ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Age Related

The decline in muscle function is associated with an age-related decrease in muscle mass and an age-related decline in strength. However, decreased strength is not solely due to decreased muscle mass. The age-related decline in muscle-specific force (force/muscle cross-sectional area), a measure of intrinsic muscle function, also contributes to age-related strength decline, and the mechanisms by which this occurs are only partially known. Moreover, changes in the extracellular space could have a profound effect on skeletal muscle function. Life-long calorie restriction in rodents has shown to be a powerful anti-aging intervention. In this study, we examine whether calorie restriction is able to attenuate the loss of muscle function and elevations in extracellular space associated with aging. We hypothesize that calorie restriction attenuates the age-associated decline in specific force and increases in extracellular space. Measurements of in vitro contractile properties of the extensor digitorum longus (type II) and soleus (type I) muscles from 12-mo and 26- to 28-mo-old ad libitum-fed, as well as 27- to 28-mo-old life-long calorie-restricted male Fischer 344 rats, were performed. We found that calorie restriction attenuated the age-associated decline in muscle mass-to-body mass ratio (mg/g) and strength-to-body mass ratio (N/kg) in the extensor digitorum longus muscle ( P < 0.05) but not in the soleus muscle ( P > 0.05). Importantly, muscle-specific force (N/cm2) in the extensor digitorum longus, but not in the soleus muscle, of the old calorie-restricted rats was equal to that of the young 12-mo-old animals. Moreover, the age-associated increase in extracellular space was reduced in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle ( P < 0.05) but not in the soleus muscle with calorie restriction. We also found a significant correlation between the extracellular space and the muscle-specific force in the extensor digitorum longus ( r = -0.58; P < 0.05) but not in the soleus muscle ( r = -0.38; P > 0.05). Hence, this study shows a loss of muscle function with age and suggests that long-term calorie restriction is an effective intervention against the loss of muscle function with age.

scholarly journals Computational assessment of transport distances in living skeletal muscle fibers studied in situ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenth-Arne Hansson ◽  
Andreas Våvang Solbrå ◽  
Kristian Gundersen ◽  
Jo Christiansen Bruusgaard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Nuclear Density ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Longus Muscle

AbstractTransport distances in skeletal muscle fibers are mitigated by these cells having multiple nuclei. We have studied mouse living slow (soleus) and fast (extensor digitorum longus) muscle fibers in situ and determined cellular dimensions and the positions of all the nuclei within fiber segments. We modelled the effect of placing nuclei optimally and randomly using the nuclei as the origin of a transportation network. It appeared that an equidistant positioning of nuclei minimizes transport distances along the surface for both muscles. In the soleus muscle however, which were richer in nuclei, positioning of nuclei to reduce transport distances to the cytoplasm were of less importance, and these fibers exhibit a pattern not statistically different from a random positioning of nuclei. Together, these results highlight the importance of spatially distribute nuclei to minimize transport distances to the surface when nuclear density is low, while it appears that the distribution are of less importance at higher nuclear densities.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of two proteinases in skeletal muscle.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
W T Stauber ◽  
V Fritz ◽  
B Dahlmann ◽  
H Reinauer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

Immunohistochemical localizations of cytosolic and myofibrillar proteinases revealed a different myofiber locale for each enzyme in the rat. Although the cytosolic proteinase was most pronounced in mast cells within soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, certain fibers of the EDL were also positive. The myofibrillar proteinase, on the other hand, appeared to be present in interstitial spaces between muscle fibers in the EDL but conversely present in some fibers of the soleus muscle.

scholarly journals Role of AMPKαin Skeletal Muscle Glycometabolism Regulation and Adaptation in relation to Sepsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zheng ◽  
Mi Xu ◽  
Qiang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Protein Translocation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Subsequent Decrease

Background.AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein always involve disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism.Objective.To determine whether the change of blood glucose in the early stage of septic rat is associated with the alteration of AMPKαprotein expression and GLUT4 protein translocation expression.Methods.Animal models of sepsis were induced by tail vein injection of LPS in Wistar rats. The dynamic values of blood glucose within 2 hours after injection of LPS were observed. AMPKαprotein and GLUT4 protein translocation in different tissues (such as soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus) were assessed by western blot.Results.Blood glucose levels appeared to rise at 0.5 h after injection of LPS, arrived the peak value at 1 h, then fell at 1.5 h and 2 h Animals in LPS group experienced the increase of phos-AMPKαprotein and GLUT4 protein translocation expression in soleus muscle and extensor digitorum longus.Conclusion.The dynamic change of blood glucose, represented in a form of initiative increase and subsequent decrease in the early stage of sepsis, may be related to glycometabolism disorder in the skeletal muscle, coming down to enhancement of GLUT4 translocation expression promoted by activation of AMPKα.

scholarly journals Effects of dexamethasone treatment on insulin-stimulated rates of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis in isolated incubated skeletal muscles of the rat

1987 ◽  
Vol 246 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Leighton ◽  
R A J Challiss ◽  
F J Lozeman ◽  
E A Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Hexose Transport ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Longus Muscle ◽  
Lactate Formation

1. Rats were treated with dexamethasone for 4 days before measurement of the rates of lactate formation [which is an index of hexose transport; see Challiss, Lozeman, Leighton & Newsholme (1986) Biochem. J. 233, 377-381] and glycogen synthesis in response to various concentrations of insulin in isolated incubated soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle preparations. 2. The concentration of insulin required to stimulate these processes half-maximally in soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles isolated from control rats was about 100 muunits/ml. 3. Dexamethasone increases the concentration of insulin required to stimulate glycolysis half-maximally in soleus and extensor digitorum longus preparations to 250 and 300 muunits/ml respectively. The respective insulin concentrations necessary to stimulate glycogen synthesis half-maximally were about 430 and 370 muunits/ml for soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle preparations isolated from steroid-treated rats. 5. Dexamethasone treatment did not change the amount of insulin bound to soleus muscle.

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