Screening for Alzheimer's Disease: The Memory Impairment Screen Versus the Conventional Three-Word Memory Test

Streblus asper (SA) is well known as a folk medicinal plant in Asian countries. The effect of SA extract on preventing memory impairment in zebrafish induced by scopolamine was investigated. Male zebrafish, Danio rerio, were divided into 6 groups including the control, scopolamine 200 μM (SCO), scopolamine plus rivastigmine 1.5 mg/kg (RV + SCO), and scopolamine plus SA extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg (SA200 + SCO, S400 + SCO, and SA800 + SCO), respectively. Spatial memory was evaluated by the colour-biased appetite conditioning T-maze test, while fear memory was measured by the inhibitory avoidance test. In the spatial memory test, results showed that the RV + SCO group had the best time spent ratio in the T-maze, followed by SA800 + SCO, SA400 + SCO, SA200 + SCO, control, and SCO group, respectively, but with no statistical significance. For the fear memory test, zebrafish that received SA at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg had significantly increased latency time as 21.75 ± 4.59, 23.75 ± 13.01, and 18.20 ± 18.84 min, respectively, when compared to the SCO group (9.80 ± 10.45 min). These results suggested that SA extract attenuated memory impairment in an inhibitory avoidance test related to fear memory. Our findings can be useful for further research to develop SA extract as a health product to ameliorate the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.

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Symptomvalidierungstests in der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik: eine Analogstudie

Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie ◽

10.1024/1016-264x.15.2.81 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 81-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Thomas Merten ◽

Matthias Henry ◽

Robin Hilsabeck

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Test ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Word Memory Test ◽

Word Memory ◽

Complex Figure ◽

Trail Making ◽

Figure Test ◽

Word Completion

Zusammenfassung: In der neuropsychologischen Diagnostik, mehr noch aber in der Begutachtung gewinnen Symptomvalidierungstests (SVT) zur Untersuchung der Leistungsmotivation zunehmend an Bedeutung. In einer Analogstudie wurde die Güte zweier international bekannter Verfahren (Word Memory Test; Amsterdam Short Term Memory Test) sowie einer Neuentwicklung (Word Completion Memory Test) untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden Leistungstests eingesetzt: der Trail Making Test (TMT), der Complex Figure Test sowie die Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). Eine Gruppe von 10 experimentellen Simulanten wurde spezifisch auf die Vortäuschung von Gedächtnisstörungen vorbereitet, während eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 10) optimale Testanstrengung zeigen sollte. Alle SVT führten im Gegensatz zu den Simulationsmarkern des TMT und der SPM zu einer ausgezeichneten Klassifikationsgüte (95-100 %). Die neuropsychologischen Leistungsmaße wiesen zwar signifikante Gruppenunterschiede aus, zeigten aber auch eine nicht unbedeutende Überlappung der Verteilungen. Mehr Studien sind notwendig, um den SVT in den deutschsprachigen Ländern den Platz zu sichern, den sie international aktuell in der klinisch-neuropsychologischen Forschung und Praxis einnehmen.

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Verbal Memory Test Best Indicator of Who Will Have Alzheimer's Disease, New Study Says: Early Detection of Alzheimer's Could Lessen the Impact

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e365012004-001 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Early Detection ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Memory Test ◽

The Impact

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Loss of ferroportin induces memory impairment by promoting ferroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

Cell Death and Differentiation ◽

10.1038/s41418-020-00685-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wen-Dai Bao ◽

Pei Pang ◽

Xiao-Ting Zhou ◽

Fan Hu ◽

Wan Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Iron Homeostasis ◽

Critical Role ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Intracellular Iron

AbstractIron homeostasis disturbance has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and excess iron exacerbates oxidative damage and cognitive defects. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic form of cell death dependent upon intracellular iron. However, the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of AD remains elusive. Here, we report that ferroportin1 (Fpn), the only identified mammalian nonheme iron exporter, was downregulated in the brains of APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as an Alzheimer’s mouse model and Alzheimer’s patients. Genetic deletion of Fpn in principal neurons of the neocortex and hippocampus by breeding Fpnfl/fl mice with NEX-Cre mice led to AD-like hippocampal atrophy and memory deficits. Interestingly, the canonical morphological and molecular characteristics of ferroptosis were observed in both Fpnfl/fl/NEXcre and AD mice. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of ferroptosis-related RNA-seq data showed that the differentially expressed genes were highly enriched in gene sets associated with AD. Furthermore, administration of specific inhibitors of ferroptosis effectively reduced the neuronal death and memory impairments induced by Aβ aggregation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, restoring Fpn ameliorated ferroptosis and memory impairment in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Our study demonstrates the critical role of Fpn and ferroptosis in the progression of AD, thus provides promising therapeutic approaches for this disease.

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