Fluidics control skin temperature

A system used to control skin temperature in human subjects wearing water-perfused garments is described, It supplies 8 l/min at 10 psi with water temperature controlled within +/-0.1 degree C. Temperature control is facilitated by a low circulating thermal mass and a fast responding heater based on a commercially available quartz heat lamp. The system is open so that hot or cold water can be added from the building mains to produce rates of change or water temperature exceeding 5 degrees C/min. These capabilities allow semiautomatic control of skin temperature within +/-1 degree C of desired wave forms. Potential hazards and associated safety devices are described.

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Relationships Between Skin Temperature and Temporal Summation of Heat and Cold Pain

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.01066.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 100-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Andre P. Mauderli ◽

Charles J. Vierck ◽

Richard L. Cannon ◽

Anthony Rodrigues ◽

Chiayi Shen

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Temporal Summation ◽

Heat Pain ◽

Cold Stimulation ◽

Cold Pain ◽

Heat Stimulation ◽

Second Pain ◽

Skin Temperatures ◽

Control Skin ◽

Temperature Surface

Temporal summation of heat pain during repetitive stimulation is dependent on C nociceptor activation of central N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor mechanisms. Moderate temporal summation is produced by sequential triangular ramps of stimulation that control skin temperature between heat pulses but do not elicit distinct first and second pain sensations. Dramatic summation of second pain is produced by repeated contact of the skin with a preheated thermode, but skin temperature between taps is not controlled by this procedure. Therefore relationships between recordings of skin temperature and psychophysical ratings of heat pain were evaluated during series of repeated skin contacts. Surface and subcutaneous recordings of skin temperatures revealed efficient thermoregulatory compensation for heat stimulation at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) ranging from 2 to 8 s. Temporal summation of heat pain was strongly influenced by the ISIs and cannot be explained by small increases in skin temperature between taps or by heat storage throughout a stimulus series. Repetitive brief contact with a precooled thermode was utilized to evaluate whether temporal summation of cold pain occurs, and if so, whether it is influenced by skin temperature. Surface and subcutaneous recordings of skin temperature revealed a sluggish thermoregulatory compensation for repetitive cold stimulation. In contrast to heat stimulation, skin temperature did not recover between cold stimuli throughout ISIs of 3–8 s. Psychophysically, repetitive cold stimulation produced an aching pain sensation that progressed gradually and radiated beyond the site of stimulation. The magnitude of aching pain was well related to skin temperature and thus appeared to be established primarily by peripheral factors.

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The need to control skin temperature when using radiant heat in tests of analgesia

Experimental Neurology ◽

10.1016/0014-4886(78)90262-5 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 471-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

A.W. Duggan ◽

B.T. Griersmith ◽

P.M. Headley ◽

J.B. Maher

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Radiant Heat ◽

Control Skin

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Automatic Segmentation of Skin Regions in Thermographic Images: an Experimental Study

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING ◽

10.37394/232014.2021.17.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Cristina M. R. Roseiro ◽

Luis Roseiro

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Automatic Segmentation ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Medical Applications ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Opening And Closing ◽

Identification Analysis ◽

Control Skin

Infrared thermography can be applied in medical applications, such as monitoring skin temperature in inflammatory processes. The possibility for health care professionals and patients to be able to easily, quickly and economically, at anytime and anywhere, monitor the skin temperature distribution through the acquisition of images to control skin infections is extremely important nowadays. This work aims to develop an automatic methodology for the segmentation, identification, analysis and diagnosis of skin inflammation based on thermographic images. The study compares thermographic images from subregions of the hand skin and presents an experimental investigation to segment and identify features in the images automatically. Left and righthand images from two volunteers’ obtained in different conditions, such as cold action, activity action (opening and closing the hand), and friction action (rub both hands), were considered and analyzed. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of the implemented procedures and encourage developing and implementing an operating system to monitor skin infections in thermographic images.

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