High‐power combiners with terminating resistors for DTV applications in the frequency range of 470–860 MHz

Since the first successful surface transverse wave (STW) resonator was demonstrated by Bagwell and Bray in 1987, STW resonant devices on temperature stable cut orientations of piezoelectric quartz have enjoyed a spectacular development. The tremendous interest in these devices is based on the fact that, compared to the widely used surface acoustic waves (SAW), the STW acoustic mode features some unique properties which makes it very attractive for low-noise microwave oscillator applications in the 1.0 to 3.0 GHz frequency range in which SAW based or dielectric resonator oscillators (DRO) fail to provide satisfactory performance. These STW properties include: high propagation velocity, material Q-values exceeding three times those of SAW and bulk acoustic waves (BAW) on quartz, low propagation loss, unprecedented 1/f device phase noise, extremely high power handling ability, as well as low aging and low vibration sensitivity. This paper reviews the fundamentals of STW propagation in resonant geometries on rotated Y-cuts of quartz and highlights important design aspects necessary for achieving desired STW resonator performance. Different designs of high- and low-Q, low-loss resonant devices and coupled resonator filters (CRF) in the 1.0 to 2.5 GHz range are characterized and discussed. Design details and data on state-of-the-art STW based fixed frequency and voltage controlled oscillators (VCO) with low phase noise and high power efficiency are presented. Finally, several applications of STW devices in GHz range data transmitters, receivers and sensors are described and discussed.

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A Vector Corrected High Power On-Wafer Measurement System with a Frequency Range for the Higher Harmomcs up to 40 GHz

10.1109/euma.1994.337406 ◽

1994 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

M. Demmler ◽

P. J. Tasker ◽

M. Schlechtweg

Keyword(s):

Measurement System ◽

High Power ◽

Frequency Range

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Resonant High Power Combiners

Proceedings of the 2005 Particle Accelerator Conference ◽

10.1109/pac.2005.1591686 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

M. Langlois ◽

G. Peillex-Delphe ◽

JP. Buge

Keyword(s):

High Power ◽

Power Combiners

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Wideband, high-efficiency, high-power GaN amplifiers, using MIC and quasi-MMIC technologies, in the 1–4 GHz range

International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies ◽

10.1017/s1759078714000476 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chamssedine Berrached ◽

Diane Bouw ◽

Marc Camiade ◽

Kassem El-Akhdar ◽

Denis Barataud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

High Power ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Power Gain ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Final Size ◽

Trade Off ◽

Power Added Efficiency ◽

Circuit Technology

In this paper, the designs and experimental performances of wideband (higher than one octave) high-efficiency, high-power amplifiers (HPA) working in the 1–4 GHz range, using the same GaN process, are presented. They are based on the Bode–Fano integrals, which can be applied to a trade-off calculation between bandwidth and efficiency. Firstly, an microwave intregrated circuits (MIC) wideband HPA, externally matched, is presented. It generates a continuous wave (CW) output power (Pout) greater than 40 W, a power gain (GP) higher than 9.2 dB and a corresponding power added efficiency (PAE) (drain efficiency (DE)) ranged between 36 and 44% (40 and 48%) over the 1–3 GHz bandwidth. Two other amplifiers have been designed upon the same theoretical methodology, with a passive GaAs MMIC circuit technology, enabling to reduce the final size down to 420 mm2. The first internally matched Quasi monolithic microwave intergrated circuits (Quasi-MMIC) single-ended HPA generates a pulsed Pout greater than 25 W, GP higher than 9.8 dB, and a corresponding PAE (DE) ranged between 37 and 52.5% (40 and 55%) over the 2–4 GHz bandwidth. The second internally matched Quasi-MMIC HPA, based on balanced architecture, generates a pulsed Pout higher than 45 W, GP higher than 9.5 dB and PAE (DE) ranged between 33 and 44% (38 and 50%) over the 2–4 GHz bandwidth. These results are among the best ones published in terms of PAE and Pout in instantaneous octave bandwidth in the 1–4 GHz frequency range.

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Measurement and Analysis of Infrasound Signals Generated by Operation of High-Power Wind Turbines

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14206544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6544

Author(s):

Tomasz Malec ◽

Tomasz Boczar ◽

Daria Wotzka ◽

Michał Kozioł

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbines ◽

High Power ◽

Sound Pressure ◽

Operating Time ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Acoustic Energy ◽

Working Environment ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Measurement And Analysis

The development of wind energy and the increasing number of installed wind turbines make it necessary to assess them in terms of the nuisance of the emitted infrasound noise generated by such devices. The article presents the results of measurements and analyses of infrasound emitted during the operation of wind turbines installed in various locations in Poland. Comparative analysis of noise levels in the infrasound and audible range has shown that acoustic energy is mainly in the low and infrasound frequency range, and the measured levels depend significantly on the weighting curves used. On the basis of the results, it was confirmed that the sound pressure level of infrasound signals emitted by the operation of high-power wind turbines, regardless of wind velocity, weather conditions, design solutions of turbines, operating time, rated capacity, does not exceed the criteria specified in the applicable legislation dealing with the assessment of infrasound noise on the working environment.

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