scholarly journals First detection of a disk free of volatile elements around a young A-type star: A possible sign of collisions between rocky planets

Author(s):  
M. E. van den Ancker ◽  
N. P. Gentile Fusillo ◽  
T. J. Haworth ◽  
C. F. Manara ◽  
P. A. Miles-Páez ◽  
...  
1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 203-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias C. Owen

AbstractThe clear evidence of water erosion on the surface of Mars suggests an early climate much more clement than the present one. Using a model for the origin of inner planet atmospheres by icy planetesimal impact, it is possible to reconstruct the original volatile inventory on Mars, starting from the thin atmosphere we observe today. Evidence for cometary impact can be found in the present abundances and isotope ratios of gases in the atmosphere and in SNC meteorites. If we invoke impact erosion to account for the present excess of129Xe, we predict an early inventory equivalent to at least 7.5 bars of CO2. This reservoir of volatiles is adequate to produce a substantial greenhouse effect, provided there is some small addition of SO2(volcanoes) or reduced gases (cometary impact). Thus it seems likely that conditions on early Mars were suitable for the origin of life – biogenic elements and liquid water were present at favorable conditions of pressure and temperature. Whether life began on Mars remains an open question, receiving hints of a positive answer from recent work on one of the Martian meteorites. The implications for habitable zones around other stars include the need to have rocky planets with sufficient mass to preserve atmospheres in the face of intensive early bombardment.


1979 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 125-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Allen

No paper of this nature should begin without a definition of symbiotic stars. It was Paul Merrill who, borrowing on his botanical background, coined the termsymbioticto describe apparently single stellar systems which combine the TiO absorption of M giants (temperature regime ≲ 3500 K) with He II emission (temperature regime ≳ 100,000 K). He and Milton Humason had in 1932 first drawn attention to three such stars: AX Per, CI Cyg and RW Hya. At the conclusion of the Mount Wilson Ha emission survey nearly a dozen had been identified, and Z And had become their type star. The numbers slowly grew, as much because the definition widened to include lower-excitation specimens as because new examples of the original type were found. In 1970 Wackerling listed 30; this was the last compendium of symbiotic stars published.


2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Usui ◽  
Audrey Bouvier ◽  
Justin I. Simon ◽  
Noriko Kita

Author(s):  
Ataru Tanikawa ◽  
Tomoya Kinugawa ◽  
Jun Kumamoto ◽  
Michiko S Fujii

Abstract We estimate formation rates of LB-1-like systems through dynamical interactions in the framework of the theory of stellar evolution before the discovery of the LB-1 system. The LB-1 system contains a ∼70 ${M_{\odot}}$ black hole (BH), a so-called pair instability (PI) gap BH, and a B-type star with solar metallicity, and has nearly zero eccentricity. The most efficient formation mechanism is as follows. In an open cluster, a naked helium star (with ∼20 ${M_{\odot}}$) collides with a heavy main sequence star (with ∼50 ${M_{\odot}}$) which has a B-type companion. The collision results in a binary consisting of the collision product and the B-type star with a high eccentricity. The binary can be circularized through the dynamical tide with radiative damping of the collision product envelope. Finally, the collision product collapses to a PI-gap BH, avoiding pulsational pair instability and pair instability supernovae because its He core is as massive as the pre-colliding naked He star. We find that the number of LB-1-like systems in the Milky Way galaxy is ∼0.01(ρoc/104 ${M_{\odot}}$ pc−3), where ρoc is the initial mass densities of open clusters. If we take into account LB-1-like systems with O-type companion stars, the number increases to ∼0.03(ρoc/104 ${M_{\odot}}$ pc−3). This mechanism can form LB-1-like systems at least ten times more efficiently than the other mechanisms: captures of B-type stars by PI-gap BHs, stellar collisions between other types of stars, and stellar mergers in hierarchical triple systems. We conclude that no dynamical mechanism can explain the presence of the LB-1 system.


2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Barisevišius ◽  
G. Tautvaišienė ◽  
S. Berdyugina ◽  
Y. Chorniy ◽  
I. Ilyin

AbstractAbundances of 22 chemical elements, including the key elements and isotopes such as


Astrophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Dmitrienko ◽  
I. S. Savanov ◽  
V. B. Puzin
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damanveer S. Grewal ◽  
Rajdeep Dasgupta ◽  
Taylor Hough ◽  
Alexandra Farnell

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S298) ◽  
pp. 428-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Luo ◽  
Jiannan Zhang ◽  
Jianjun Chen ◽  
Yihan Song ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
...  

AbstractThere are three data pipelines for LAMOST survey. The raw data is reduced to one dimension spectra by the data reduction pipeline(2D pipeline), the extracted spectra are classified and measured by the spectral analysis pipeline(1D pipeline), while stellar parameters are measured by LASP pipeline.(a) The data reduction pipeline. The main tasks of the data reduction pipeline include bias calibration, flat field, spectra extraction, sky subtraction, wavelength calibration, exposure merging and wavelength band connection.(b) The spectra analysis pipeline. This pipeline is designed to classify and identify objects from the extracted spectra and to measure their redshift (or radial velocity). The PCAZ (Glazebrook et al. 1998) method is applied to do the classification and redshift measurement.(c) Stellar parameters LASP. Stellar parameters pipeline (LASP) is to estimate stellar atmospheric parameters, e.g. effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, and metallicity [Fe/H], for F, G and K type stars. To effectively determine those fundamental stellar measurements, three steps with different methods are employed. The first step utilizes the line indices to approximately define the effective temperature range of the analyzed star. Secondly, a set of the initial approximate values of the three parameters are given based on template fitting method. Finally, we exploit ULySS (Koleva et al. 2009) to give the final values of parameters through minimizing the χ 2 value between the observed spectrum and a multidimensional grid of model spectra which is generated by an interpolating of ELODIE library. There are two other classification for A type star and M type star. For A type star, standard MK system is employed (Gray et al. 2009) to give each object temperature class and luminosity type. For M type star, they are classified into subclasses by an improved Hammer method, and metallicity of each objects is also given.During the pilot survey, algorithms were improved and the pipelines were tested. The products of LAMOST survey will include extracted and calibrated spectra in FITS format, a catalog of FGK stars with stellar parameters, a catalog of M dwarf with subclass and metallicity, and a catalog of A type star with MK classification. A part of the pilot survey data, including about 319 000 high quality spectra with SNR > 10, a catalog of stellar parameters of FGK stars and another catalog of a subclass of M type stars have been released to the public in August 2012 (Luo et al. 2012). The general survey started from October 2012, and completed the first year survey. The formal data release one (DR1) is being prepared, which will include both pilot survey and first year general survey, and planed to be released under the LAMOST data policy.


2015 ◽  
Vol 453 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Szewczuk ◽  
J. Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Pozzobon ◽  
Diana Orlandi ◽  
Carolina Pagli ◽  
Francesco Mazzarini

<p>Volcanic activity is widespread within the inner Solar system and it can be commonly observed on rocky planets.<br>In this work, we analyse the structures of Pavonis Mons, which is one of the three large volcanoes in the Tharsis volcanic province of Mars, by performing structural mapping, azimuth, and topographic distribution of linear features on the flanks of Pavonis, such as grabens and pit chains. We tested whether their formation is to be ascribed to the internal volcano dynamics and magmatic activity or the tectonics related to the Tharsis volcanic province activity.<br>Through the length size distribution and fractal clustering analyses of the structural features, we found that large grabens are vertically confined in the upper mechanical layers of the brittle crust whereas pit chains penetrate the whole crust up to the magmatic source, indicating that they can be considered the main feeders of Pavonis Mons. We inverted the topography with dykes and faults models to test whether grabens at the surface are the expression of intrusions at depth and we suggest that thin dykes inducing normal faulting is the most likely mechanism. Furthermore, two azimuthal distribution of the grabens are identified: concentric grabens occur on the volcano summit while linear grabens at its base show NE-SW trend as the Tharsis Montes volcanoes alignment. The analyses show that faults related to large grabens are confined in a mechanical layering in the upper layers of the brittle crust, whereas deeper structures such as pit chains are most likely associated to magma injection/dykes and therefore, connected to the subcrustal magma source at a depth of ~80–100 km.<br>Therefore, based on our results, we infer that Pavonis Mons recorded active rifting at the initial stages of development with the formation of the large linear graben and faults at its base followed by a phase of volcano growth and concentric magma intrusions when volcano and magma chamber dynamics prevailed</p>


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