State of humoral immunity in lactating sows and suckling piglets

The state of humoral immunity in lactating sows and its formation in suckling piglets in the conditions of a pig-breeding complex were studied. In sows after farrow, a high content of total immunoglobulins, the main classes of IgG, IgM and IgA, the concentration of which decreased in a day, followed by an increase in serum as lactation continued was detected in the serum and colostrum. In piglets at birth, the content of total immunoglobulins and the main Ig isotypes was insignificant, and at the age of twenty-four hours, as a result of absorption of colostral immunoglobulins in the small intestine, their amount in the serum was the highest, followed by a decrease in the concentration of IgG and IgA until the end of the suckling period, and IgM - up to day 14 with a further increase in its content, indicating the formation of a primary immune response. It has been detected that the dominant class of immunoglobulins in the serum and colostrum of sows and the serum of piglets is IgG, and in milk - IgA. An increase in the level of medium-dispersed circulating immune complexes (C4%) and their relation to giant (C3%) CICs was revealed, associated with an increase of the antigenic load in sows in the second half of lactation as a result of immunization, in milk - with a decrease in the content of the main classes of immunoglobulins, and in piglets, due to this, with a decrease in passive immunity.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A neuronal receptor, neuropilin-1, is essential for the initiation of the primary immune response.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1005486.70705 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Tito Serafini

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Primary Immune Response ◽

Neuropilin 1 ◽

Neuronal Receptor

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A neuronal receptor, neuropilin-1, is essential for the initiation of the primary immune response.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1005486.66956 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Chand Desai

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Primary Immune Response ◽

Neuropilin 1 ◽

Neuronal Receptor

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of In situ studies of the primary immune response to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl. V. Affinity maturation develops in two stages of clonal selection.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.3077965.2761069 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

David Allman

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Clonal Selection ◽

Affinity Maturation ◽

Primary Immune Response ◽

In Situ Studies ◽

Two Stages

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Keratinocyte expression of B7-1 in transgenic mice amplifies the primary immune response to cutaneous antigens.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.91.26.12780 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 91 (26) ◽

pp. 12780-12784 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

I. R. Williams ◽

R. J. Ort ◽

T. S. Kupper

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Transgenic Mice ◽

Primary Immune Response

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Booster immunization with a fractional dose of Prevnar 13 affects cell-mediated immune response but not humoral immunity in CD-1 mice

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07314 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e07314

Author(s):

Rose-Marie Catalioto ◽

Claudio Valenti ◽

Francesca Bellucci ◽

Cecilia Cialdai ◽

Maria Altamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immunity ◽

Booster Immunization ◽

Cell Mediated Immune Response ◽

Fractional Dose

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The Role of Plant-Based Protein Functional Food in Preventing Acute Respiratory Disease: A Case Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13062116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 2116

Author(s):

Andrei V. Tarasov ◽

Rofail S. Rakhmanov ◽

Elena S. Bogomolova ◽

Ludmila A. Perminova ◽

Zhanna L. Malakhova

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Blood Cell ◽

University Students ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Humoral Immunity ◽

Functional Food ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Protein Product ◽

Control Group

The Kaliningrad region is known for its specific climate, which can negatively affect the adaptive potential of the body. This manifests in an increased incidence of respiratory diseases and skin conditions. To prevent high morbidity, a plant protein product was included in the diet of first-year university students. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this food intervention in preventing the most common diseases among Kaliningrad students. Two groups of university students took part in the food trial. In the control group, catabolic processes prevailed in nutrient metabolism. Disadaptation manifested itself in the metabolism of proteins, vitamins, minerals, hematopoiesis and humoral immunity. Inflammation was indicated by α1- and α2-globulins, a weak immune response, and IgM and IgG. High oxidative stress and low antioxidative ability of blood serum were observed. The plant-based protein product (FP) helped preserve testosterone level and prevent an increase in catabolic reactions. Moreover, it had a positive effect on both red blood cell hematopoiesis (a smaller increase in the average volume of erythrocytes, the same average concentration and content of hemoglobin, an increased relative red cell distribution width (RDW) and white blood cell hematopoiesis (a beneficial effect for the immune system: lymphocytes, the relative content of neutrophils, monocytes, basophils and eosinophils). The stimulation of humoral immunity was evidenced by beta- and gamma-globulins, an active immune response, the level of IgM and IgG, antioxidant protection, reduction of peroxides and an increase in antioxidant activity of blood serum. The 34-week observation showed a 1.7-fold decrease in the incidence of respiratory illnesses and a 5.7-fold decrease in skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases. Acute respiratory infections were reduced 1.8-fold. There were no cases of community-acquired pneumonia in the treatment group, compared with 55.1‰ in the control group. The incidence of respiratory diseases was 3.3–10.6 times lower in the treatment group than in the control group in weeks 6–19. The findings testify to the prophylactic effect of functional food during social adaptation and acclimatization of students.

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The effect of oxyclozanide on Hymenolepis microstoma and H. diminuta

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000045285 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 355-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

C. A. Hopkins ◽

P. M. Grant ◽

Helen Stallard

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Single Dose ◽

Bile Duct ◽

Dose Level ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Adult Size ◽

Hymenolepis Microstoma

The effect of oxyclozanide (2,2′-dihydroxy-3,3′,5,5′,6-pentachlorobenzanilide) on Hymenolepis microstoma in the bile duct of mice, and H. diminuta in the small intestine of mice and rats was measured. Oxyclozanide at doses as low as 4mg/kg removed 13-day-old H. diminuta and caused no obvious harmful effect to the rat host up to the maximum level (256 mg/kg) tested. Worms were displaced and degenerating within 1 h. Results in mice were more difficult to assess because of the immune response, but similar total amounts of oxyclozanide caused destrobilation and loss of 7-day-old H. diminuta. Oxyclozanide was less effective against 21-day-old H. microstoma attached in the bile duct. Approximately half the strobila was lost following dosing at 5 mg/kg and progressively greater amounts as the dose level was increased. At 50 mg/kg worm loss commenced but even at 150 mg/kg 25 % of worms survived. The time taken to regrow to the original adult size varied but was complete within 7–9 days at levels up to 25 mg/kg. Double dosing at 5-day intervals did not enhance the effect of a single dose. The apparent existence of a sensitivity gradient down the strobila in H. microstoma is discussed.

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