scholarly journals Investigations of Surface Urban Heat Island Effect Based on Local Climate Zone Method: A Case of Xi'an

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 05011
Author(s):  
Kaikai Mu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Moyan Zhang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Liu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island ◽  
Local Climate Zone

Urbanization seriously affects the urban climate and the quality of human settlement. Based on Landsat8 remote sensing and building vector data, local climate zone (LCZ) method is employed to study the influences of urban form on land surface temperature (LST) of Xi'an. The results confirmed that the LST of the built-up LCZ is higher than the land cover LCZ. In built-up LCZ, LST is increasing with the increasing of building density. In land cover LCZ, the LST of bare land is the highest. Surface urban heat island (SUHI) of 14 samples in LCZ also been calculated. Highest SUHI intensity is found in low-rise buildings with high density area. LST intensity of water body and forest are lower than others in land cover LCZ.

scholarly journals Analysis of Urban Heat Island in Kochi, India, Using a Modified Local Climate Zone Classification

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Thomas ◽  
A.P. Sherin ◽  
Shareekul Ansar ◽  
E.J. Zachariah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Local Climate Zone

scholarly journals Studying the Urban Heat Island Using a Local Climate Zone Scheme

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 2609-2616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihao Wang ◽  
Wu Xing ◽  
Yi Huang ◽  
Tongan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Local Climate Zone

scholarly journals Analyzing the Characteristics of UHI (Urban Heat Island) in Summer Daytime Based on Observations on 50 Sites in 11 LCZ (Local Climate Zone) Types in Xi’an, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Yunwei Zhang ◽  
Jili Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqian Zhang ◽  
Dian Zhou ◽  
Zhaolin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Surface Fraction ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Local Climate Zone

Urbanization has induced significant changes on local climate in urban areas. For sustainable urban planning, it is necessary to identify the distribution characteristics of urban heat island (UHI) and the effects of land cover properties. In situ measurements are frequently carried out to obtain critical data in urban climate studies. However, long-time continuous observations on multiple sites are still rare, even though they would be useful in mapping the distribution of UHI intensity. In the current work, three observation campaigns were carried out in Xi’an, China. Pedestrian- level air temperatures (PLAT) were measured with potable micro-environment stations on 50 sites in 11 local climate zone (LCZ) types. The normalized PLAT was used to investigate the canopy layer UHI characteristics and the effects of LCZ types. Results revealed that the land coverage type and the surface structure have significant influence on the local climate. The PLAT in high-surface-fraction building covered areas was higher than that in low-surface-fraction building covered areas. In areas with similar building surface fraction, building height influences the UHI magnitude as well, as tall buildings would provide more shielding on the pedestrian level. The average UHI magnitude and the standard deviation within each LCZ type were calculated by statistical analysis of the observed results, which proved to be useful for UHI mapping based on the LCZ classification results in urban areas.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Microclimates in Southern Ontario: the Application of the Local Climate Zone Method in Toronto and the Surrounding Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jerome Price-Todd
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Local Climate Zone

The Golden Horseshoe is a densely populated area in southern Ontario and the population is expected to grow to 11.5 million residents by 2031. The urbanization process will likely intensify due to the current and expected population growth. The urban heat island (UHI) effect at 19 meteorological stations in southern Ontario were assessed using climate normals from 1981-2010 and the local climate zone (LCZ) method. The stations were assigned an LCZ unit based upon their calculated impervious, pervious and building surface fractions. It was found that areas representing higher urban-centric zones had higher UHI intensities (LCZ 5 with 2 K) than areas that were less urban-centric (LCZ 9 with 1.12 K and LCZ 6 with 1.37 K) revealing a continuum of “urbanicity”. The LCZ method provided greater objectivity when calculating the UHI intensity than the simpler method of an urban / rural dichotomy. With expected warming and population growth in the area the detrimental human health, environmental and economic impacts associated with the UHI effect should be given consideration for any future planning and decision making.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Microclimates in Southern Ontario: the Application of the Local Climate Zone Method in Toronto and the Surrounding Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jerome Price-Todd
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Local Climate Zone

The Golden Horseshoe is a densely populated area in southern Ontario and the population is expected to grow to 11.5 million residents by 2031. The urbanization process will likely intensify due to the current and expected population growth. The urban heat island (UHI) effect at 19 meteorological stations in southern Ontario were assessed using climate normals from 1981-2010 and the local climate zone (LCZ) method. The stations were assigned an LCZ unit based upon their calculated impervious, pervious and building surface fractions. It was found that areas representing higher urban-centric zones had higher UHI intensities (LCZ 5 with 2 K) than areas that were less urban-centric (LCZ 9 with 1.12 K and LCZ 6 with 1.37 K) revealing a continuum of “urbanicity”. The LCZ method provided greater objectivity when calculating the UHI intensity than the simpler method of an urban / rural dichotomy. With expected warming and population growth in the area the detrimental human health, environmental and economic impacts associated with the UHI effect should be given consideration for any future planning and decision making.

scholarly journals Urban Design Factors Influencing Surface Urban Heat Island in the Humid Subtropical Region Based on Local Climate Zone

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurong Shi ◽  
Yirui Xiang ◽  
Yufeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island ◽  
Design Factors ◽  
Local Climate Zone

Surface urban heat island (SUHI) depicts the deteriorating thermal environment in high-density cities and local climate zone (LCZ) classification provides a universal protocol for SUHI identification. In this study, taking the central urbanized area of Guangzhou in the humid subtropical region of China as the study area, the maps or images of LCZ, land surface temperature (LST), SUHI and urban design factors were achieved by using Landsat satellite data, GIS database and a series of retrieval and classification algorithms, and the urban design factors influencing SUHI were investigated based on 625 samples of LCZs. The results show that in the summer daytime under the clear sky condition, the LST varied greatly from 26 °C to 40 °C and the SUHI changed in a wide range of -6 °C to 8 °C in the LCZs of the study area. Seven and five urban design factors influencing the summer daytime SUHI were identified for the two dominant LCZ of LCZs 1-5 (LCZ 1 to LCZ 5) and the mixed LCZ (containing at least three types of LCZs), respectively. The summer daytime SUHI prediction models were obtained by using the step-wise multiple linear regression, with the performance of R2 of 0.697, RMSE of 1.21 °C, and the d value of 0.81 for the model of LCZs 1-5, and the values of 0.666, 1.66 °C, and 0.76 for the model of the mixed LCZ, indicating that the models can predict the changes of SUHI with LCZs to a large and satisfactory extent. This study presents a methodology to efficiently achieve a large sample of SUHI and urban design factors of LCZs in the largely urbanized cities, and provides information beneficial to the urban designs and regenerations in the humid subtropical region.

scholarly journals Effect of Land Cover Fractions on Changes in Surface Urban Heat Islands Using Landsat Time-Series Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Anchang Sun ◽  
Ruiqing Niu
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat Island Intensity ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island

Man-made materials now cover a dominant proportion of urban areas, and such conditions not only change the absorption of solar radiation, but also the allocation of the solar radiation and cause the surface urban heat island effect, which is considered a serious problem associated with the deterioration of urban environments. Although numerous studies have been performed on surface urban heat islands, only a few have focused on the effect of land cover changes on surface urban heat islands over a long time period. Using six Landsat image scenes of the Metropolitan Development Area of Wuhan, our experiment (1) applied a mapping method for normalized land surface temperatures with three land cover fractions, which were impervious surfaces, non-chlorophyllous vegetation and soil and vegetation fractions, and (2) performed a fitting analysis of fierce change areas in the surface urban heat island intensity based on a time trajectory. Thematic thermal maps were drawn to analyze the distribution of and variations in the surface urban heat island in the study area. A Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis was used to extract the land cover fraction information. Then, six ternary triangle contour graphics were drawn based on the land surface temperature and land cover fraction information. A time trajectory was created to summarize the changing characteristics of the surface urban heat island intensity. A fitting analysis was conducted for areas showing fierce changes in the urban heat intensity. Our results revealed that impervious surfaces had the largest impacts on surface urban heat island intensity, followed by the non-chlorophyllous vegetation and soil fraction. Moreover, the results indicated that the vegetation fraction can alleviate the occurrence of surface urban heat islands. These results reveal the impact of the land cover fractions on surface urban heat islands. Urban expansion generates impervious artificial objects that replace pervious natural objects, which causes an increase in land surface temperature and results in a surface urban heat island.

Urban Informal Housing and Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Mehrotra ◽  
Ronita Bardhan ◽  
Krithi Ramamritham
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Slum Housing

Urbanization leads to the densification of built-up areas, and thereby increases surface heat island intensity which is one of the growing concerns in the rapidly urbanizing cities. Another notable aspect of cities like Mumbai is the uncontrolled growth of informal slum housing clusters, which have emerged as a significant urban built form in the landscape of cities. This study presents a case of Mumbai that aims to explore the linkages between slum housing—here referred as ‘slum urban form’ (SUF)—and surface urban heat island (SUHI) supported by spatial-statistical analysis. The magnitude of the impact of urban form on SUHI, measured by land surface temperature (LST), is examined using Cohen’s d index, which measures the effect size for two groups—SUF and ‘formal’ housing—on LST. The results confirm a ‘large’ effect indicating a significant difference in mean LST between the two groups. The spatial analysis reveals a statistically significant spatial clustering of LST and SUF ( p-value < 0.05), and bivariate local indicator of spatial association (LISA) confirms that the spatial association of SUF is surrounded by ‘high’ LST (Moran I: 0.49). The exploratory spatial analysis indicates that the contribution of SUF in elevating SUHI intensity is more than the formal housing areas and has increased vulnerability to heat stress. The results were validated on the ground using environmental sensors, which confirms the susceptibility of SUF to heat stress.

scholarly journals Surface Urban Heat Island Analysis of Shanghai (China) Based on the Change of Land Use and Land Cover

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Wang ◽  
Yuanzhi Zhang ◽  
Jin Tsou ◽  
Yu Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Surface Urban Heat Island
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