scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment and Energy Efficiency from Industry of Plastic Waste Recycling

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 06015
Author(s):  
Vita Rosmiati ◽  
Hadiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Pellets

The high use of plastic products is currently causing uncontrolled accumulation of plastic waste so that an effort is needed to minimize the negative impacts caused to the environment. One of the appropriate efforts in processing plastic waste is recycling to produce a variety of useful products. Each stage of the process in managing plastic waste recycling starts from collecting raw materials to producing a new product for consumers requiring energy that can be calculated and analyzed for their impact on the environment using the LCA method. From this study can be concluded that the plastic recycling industry as one of the efforts in reducing the generation of plastic waste to the environment consists of 3 (three) main stages, namely the stages of enumeration, the distribution of raw materials and the stages of production of plastic pellets. The environmental burden analyzed includes the production process of recycling plastic waste to produce an output in the form of 1 ton of plastic where the total GHG emissions generated are 2.36E + 03 kg CO2 eq, with details of the potential contribution to global warming of 1.30E + 02 kg CO2 eq at the stage enumeration, 3.52E + 01 kg CO2 eq at the distribution stage and 2.15E + 00 kg CO2 eq at the plastic pellets production stage. The efficiency of plastic seed products in this study showed a good result, where the NEV and NER values of the recycled plastic pellets products were 39664.1 MJ and 2.11 MJ.

scholarly journals BENCHMARK ANALYSIS FOR PLASTIC RECYCLATES IN AUSTRIAN WASTE MANAGEMENT

Detritus ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Karl Friedrich ◽  
Selina Möllnitz ◽  
Stephan Holzschuster ◽  
Roland Pomberger ◽  
Daniel Vollprecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling

Plastic recyclates are granulates which are produced by the processing of plastic wastes. The circular economy package of the EU, especially the amendment of the Waste Framework Directive, sets a new goal for the use of different types of these recyclates. Corresponding primary raw materials can assure reliable qualities with respect to stable physical and chemical properties. Besides, the production of recyclates is often even more expensive than the production of primary raw material granulates. Several quality assurance measures are carried out along the value chain from plastic waste to final plastic products. Recyclates are evidently priced based on the price of primary raw material granulate. Pricing also correlates with different quality parameters, however, such as degree of mixing, degree of degradation and presence of impurities. This paper examines the correlation between different quality features and how they affect the pricing policy for recyclates. Experts and Stakeholders along the value chain of plastic recycling in Austria and Germany have been interviewed about the most important quality assurance parameters and how they (would) affect prices of recyclates. Therefore, quality parameters for the sorted plastic waste as an input for plastic waste recycling companies and manufactured recyclates are included in this paper. Experts from the plastic waste recycling industry confirmed that there is a profound correlation between price and quality that is presented and discussed in the paper: The higher the quality of the recyclates, the lower the level of impurities and the purer the recyclates, the higher the price.

scholarly journals Efficient Plastic Recycling and Remolding Circular Economy Using the Technology of Trust–Blockchain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9142
Author(s):  
Swikriti Khadke ◽  
Pragya Gupta ◽  
Shanmukh Rachakunta ◽  
Chandreswar Mahata ◽  
Suma Dawn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Multiple Stakeholders ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling

Global plastic waste is increasing rapidly. In general, densely populated regions generate tons of plastic waste daily, which is sometimes disposed of on land or diverged to sea. Most of the plastics created in the form of waste have complex degradation behavior and are non-biodegradable by nature. These remain intact in the environment for a long time span and potentially originate complications within terrestrial and marine life ecosystems. The strategic management of plastic waste and recycling can preserve environmental species and associated costs. The key contribution in this work focuses on ongoing efforts to utilize plastic waste by introducing blockchain during plastic waste recycling. It is proposed that the efficiency of plastic recycling can be improved enormously by using the blockchain phenomenon. Automation for the segregation and collection of plastic waste can effectively establish a globally recognizable tool using blockchain-based applications. Collection and sorting of plastic recycling are feasible by keeping track of plastic with unique codes or digital badges throughout the supply chain. This approach can support a collaborative digital consortium for efficient plastic waste management, which can bring together multiple stakeholders, plastic manufacturers, government entities, retailers, suppliers, waste collectors, and recyclers.

Material Value Conservation: Development of Design Criteria for Rigid Plastic Packaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel ◽  
Muhammad Habiburrahman ◽  
Palito J. Endthen
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Printing Ink

Inappropriate plastic packaging design with excessive use of color and printing ink affected to the high cost of sorting, separation and cleaning, and low acceptance level of plastic waste for secondary recycling. This research proposed design for material value conservation which elaborated with a set of design criteria for rigid plastic packaging production as key solution in avoiding value degradation of the plastic waste. The existing design criteria of products have various approach which affected on how to manage abundant plastic waste with no or very low value of materials that has been generated by daily consumption of plastic packaging. Otherwise, the proposed design criteria conserve the material value systematically which make the post use materials of plastic packaging more financially feasible as raw materials in plastic recycling industry. Widespread implementation of the new design criteria in industry will generate broader impact and more benefits in economic, social and environment, especially for countries or regions with high density of people and high consumption rate of conserved products.

scholarly journals Deep learning redesign of PETase for practical PET degrading applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyuan Lu ◽  
Daniel J. Diaz ◽  
Natalie J. Czarnecki ◽  
Congzhi Zhu ◽  
Wantae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Ph Tolerance ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Deep Learning Algorithm ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling

AbstractPlastic waste poses an ecological challenge1. While current plastic waste management largely relies on unsustainable, energy-intensive, or even hazardous physicochemical and mechanical processes, enzymatic degradation offers a green and sustainable route for plastic waste recycling2. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been extensively used in packaging and for the manufacture of fabrics and single-used containers, accounting for 12% of global solid waste3. The practical application of PET hydrolases has been hampered by their lack of robustness and the requirement for high processing temperatures. Here, we use a structure-based, deep learning algorithm to engineer an extremely robust and highly active PET hydrolase. Our best resulting mutant (FAST-PETase: Functional, Active, Stable, and Tolerant PETase) exhibits superior PET-hydrolytic activity relative to both wild-type and engineered alternatives, (including a leaf-branch compost cutinase and its mutant4) and possesses enhanced thermostability and pH tolerance. We demonstrate that whole, untreated, post-consumer PET from 51 different plastic products can all be completely degraded by FAST-PETase within one week, and in as little as 24 hours at 50 °C. Finally, we demonstrate two paths for closed-loop PET recycling and valorization. First, we re-synthesize virgin PET from the monomers recovered after enzymatic depolymerization. Second, we enable in situ microbially-enabled valorization using a Pseudomonas strain together with FAST-PETase to degrade PET and utilize the evolved monomers as a carbon source for growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate production. Collectively, our results demonstrate the substantial improvements enabled by deep learning and a viable route for enzymatic plastic recycling at the industrial scale.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING METHODS

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Evgeniіa Mykhailova ◽  
Dmytro Deineka ◽  
Hanna Pancheva
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling

Methods of plastic waste management, the amount of which is constantly growing due to the high demand for polymer products with high performance properties, are considered. The urgency of the problem is explained by longevity of plastic, which, once in the environment, gradually degrades with the formation of substances dangerous to living organisms. The most common ways of plastic waste management are its storage on specially designated land plots or incineration with / without getting heat. Each of these methods has certain disadvantages, which necessitates the introduction of other measures. Recycling of plastic waste into secondary raw materials, energy or products with certain consumer properties can be the promising method of plastic waste management from ecological and economic points of view. The purpose of this work is to analyze the methods of plastic waste recycling, to establish their advantages and disadvantages, to determine the optimal ways for the disposal of polymeric materials with different properties. Two main groups of polymer recycling methods: physical and chemical, are considered. Physical method includes mechanical recycling, which is based on the physical grinding of plastic waste to obtain secondary raw materials without significant changes in the chemical structure of the material. This process is quite simple in terms of technical design, but requires careful sorting and cleaning of waste, and has limitations on the reuse of recycled material. Chemical recycling takes place through the processes of solvolysis (hydrolysis, glycolysis, alcoholysis) and conversion (pyrolysis, gasification). In this case, the plastic waste decomposes into the original molecules – monomers, from which it is possible to get a polymer product with the same properties. Chemical methods allow disposing of unsorted and contaminated polymeric materials many times without losing their quality. Thus, the introduction of the described methods will reduce the amount of plastic waste, turn them into valuable secondary raw materials and reduce using of natural resources used to obtain primary plastic materials.

scholarly journals Postcollection Separation of Plastic Recycling and Design-For-Recycling as Solutions to Low Cost-Effectiveness and Plastic Debris

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8415
Author(s):  
Raymond Gradus
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
The North ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling ◽  
The Cost

In the Netherlands, plastic waste recycling is high on the policy agenda. Much effort is made to recycle, mostly by residents, who separate plastic waste at home. However, much of the separated waste is not recycled into new products. Substantial amounts are burned or even shipped to Asia. This leads to substantial plastic debris, as recent evidence has shown. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of plastic recycling versus incineration is very low. Based on evidence from the north of the Netherlands, postcollection or mechanical separation can be a viable alternative as more useful plastics are separated and there are indications that different plastic streams are of higher polymeric purity. Furthermore, there is some circumstantial evidence that cost-effectiveness increases if postseparation is chosen. To avoid large streams of mixed plastics that are barely recyclable, it is important that further agreements with the packaging industry are made to phase out these mixed plastics and further increase the polymeric purity of different plastic waste streams.

scholarly journals PLASTIC WASTE AND ITS REMOVAL BY LICENSED HORTICULTURAL FIRMS IN GEORGIA, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (4) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Wojciech J. Florkowski
Keyword(s):  
Firm Behavior ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Survey Response ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Plastic Recycling ◽  
Recycled Plastics ◽  
Plastic Waste Recycling ◽  
Recycle Plastic

The purpose of the study was the investigation of horticultural firm behavior regarding plastic waste recycling and the constraints and incentives to increase the volume of recycled plastics. Licensed horticultural firms in Georgia recycle plastic waste such as plastic pots, trays, and multipacks to varying degrees. The survey involved horticultural firms licensed by the Georgia Department of Agriculture to conduct business in Georgia. A total of 2,194 firms were contacted and 299 completed the questionnaire. The scope of the survey was larger than a survey conducted in 2013. The survey response summary revealed that the majority of firms recycled at least one half of the used plastic pots. Results show that constraints to recycling include the sorting, storage, and cleaning of plastic waste. The share of respondents agreeing that those factors limit plastic recycling was 59%, 56%, and 69%, respectively. Lower waste pickup fees in exchange for plastic recycling would increase the volume of recycled plastic waste in the horticultural sector.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document