scholarly journals A CFD thermal analysis and validation of a Li-ion pouch cell under different temperatures conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 09003
Author(s):  
Manuel Antonio Perez Estevez ◽  
Carlo Caligiuri ◽  
Massimiliano Renzi
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Limited Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
And Control

Li-ion cells are one of the core components for the actual and future electric mobility. Differently from other types of applications and due to the high charge/discharge rates, the thermal-related issues in batteries for mobility are drastically relevant and can affect the reliability, the safety and the performance of the system. Indeed, limited temperature differences within a battery pack have a significant impact on its efficiency, thus it is important to predict and control the cell and battery pack temperature distribution. In the proposed study, a CFD analysis has been carried out to quantify the temperature and heat distribution on a single li-ion pouch cell. The main objective of this work is to determine the temperature imbalance on the cell and the required cooling load in order to be able to correctly design the cooling system and the best module architecture. The internal heat generation occurs as a result of electrochemical reactions taking place during charge and discharge of batteries. An electric model of the cell allows to assess the thermal power generation; the model parameters are changed according to the operative conditions to improve the accuracy, specifically to take into account varying temperature conditions and C-rates. The high accuracy of the model with respect to experimental data shows the potentiality of the proposed approach to support the optimization of Li-ion modules cooling systems and architecture design.

scholarly journals Design, Development and Thermal Analysis of Reusable Li-Ion Battery Module for Future Mobile and Stationary Applications

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Mambazhasseri Divakaran ◽  
Dean Hamilton ◽  
Krishna Nama Manjunatha ◽  
Manickam Minakshi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Module

The performance, energy storage capacity, safety, and lifetime of lithium-ion battery cells of different chemistries are very sensitive to operating and environmental temperatures. The cells generate heat by current passing through their internal resistances, and chemical reactions can generate additional, sometimes uncontrollable, heat if the temperature within the cells reaches the trigger temperature. Therefore, a high-performance battery cooling system that maintains cells as close to the ideal temperature as possible is needed to enable the highest possible discharge current rates while still providing a sufficient safety margin. This paper presents a novel design, preliminary development, and results for an inexpensive reusable, liquid-cooled, modular, hexagonal battery module that may be suitable for some mobile and stationary applications that have high charge and or discharge rate requirements. The battery temperature rise was measured experimentally for a six parallel 18650 cylindrical cell demonstrator module over complete discharge cycles at discharge rates of 1C, 2C and 3C. The measured temperature rises at the hottest point in the cells, at the anode terminal, were found to be 6, 17 and 22 °C, respectively. The thermal resistance of the system was estimated to be below 0.2 K/W at a coolant flow rate of 0.001 Kg/s. The proposed liquid cooled module appeared to be an effective solution for maintaining cylindrical Li-ion cells close to their optimum working temperature.

Performance Analysis of Li-ion Battery Under Various Thermal and Load Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnashis Chatterjee ◽  
Pradip Majumdar ◽  
David Schroeder ◽  
S. Rao Kilaparti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Load Conditions ◽  
Charge Discharge

In the recent years, with the rapid advancements made in the technologies of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, selecting suitable batteries has become a major factor. Among the batteries currently used for these types of vehicles, the lithium-ion battery leads the race. Apart from that, the energy gained from regenerative braking in locomotives and vehicles can be stored in batteries for later use for propulsion thus improving the fuel consumption and efficiency. But batteries can be subjected to a wide range of temperatures depending upon the operating conditions. Thus, a thorough knowledge of the battery performance over a wide range of temperatures and different load conditions is necessary for their successful employment in future technologies. In this context, this study aims to experimentally analyze the performance of Li-ion batteries by monitoring the charge–discharge rates, efficiencies, and energy storage capabilities under different environmental and load conditions. Sensors and thermal imaging camera were used to track the environment and battery temperatures, whereas the charge–discharge characteristics were analyzed using CADEX analyzer. The results show that the battery performance is inversely proportional to charge–discharge rates. This is because, at higher charge–discharge rates, the polarization losses increase thus increasing internal heat generation and battery temperature. Also, based on the efficiency and energy storage ability, the optimum performing conditions of the Li-ion battery are 30–40 °C (temperature) and 0.5 C (C-rate).

Mineral Oil Immersion Cooling of Lithium-Ion Batteries: An Experimental Investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Amol Trimbake ◽  
Chandra Pratap Singh ◽  
Shankar Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Jet Impingement ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Impingement Cooling ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Oil Jet ◽  
First Time

Abstract Effective thermal management of high power density batteries is essential for battery performance, life, and safety. This paper experimentally investigates direct mineral oil jet impingement cooling of the Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) battery pack. For the first time, experimental results of mineral oil-based cooling of batteries are reported. Both charging and discharging characteristics on temperature uniformity and of a Li-ion pack are considered. Temperature uniformity among cells, as well as within individual cells, is experimentally measured. As a baseline, cooling of the battery pack by free-convective airflow is also reported. Two different jetting configurations: (a) submerged jet and (b) direct-jet impingement are considered. For the highest charge-discharge rates considered (2C charge and 3C discharge), mineral oil nearly maintains uniform skin temperature among the cells (less than 1 °C) as well as within the cell. Based on the results obtained, modular jet oil cooling is an excellent cooling solution of lithium-ion packs applicable to stationary electrical storage and transportation applications.

scholarly journals Analysis of Heat-Spreading Thermal Management Solutions for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam Khasawneh ◽  
John Neal ◽  
Marcello Canova ◽  
Yann Guezennec ◽  
Ryan Wayne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Flexible Graphite ◽  
Heat Spreading

The analysis and optimization of thermal performance of Li-ion battery packs are topics of great interest today. Most Li-ion batteries for motive, vehicular, backup power and utility energy storage applications are fitted with a microprocessor-controlled thermal management system including an array of temperature and voltage sensors and an active cooling system. However, as the complexity of the thermal management system increases, so does its weight, volume and parasitic power consumption, all factors that adversely affect the vehicle’s performance. In this sense, an improved thermal management system based on including passive solutions such as phase change materials or heat spreading technologies could decrease the load on active components and ultimately the weight and costs of the system. This paper describes an experimental and simulation study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of flexible graphite materials for heat spreaders in battery thermal management systems. A commercial Li-ion battery pack for power tools applications was adopted as a case study. The electro-thermal behavior of the battery pack was characterized through combined experimental investigation and 3D FEM modeling to determine the heat generation rate of the battery cells during utilization and to evaluate the thermal behavior of the battery pack. A thermal management solution based on flexible graphite heat spreading material was then designed and implemented. The paper presents a comparative study conducted in simulation to evaluate the improvements in the pack thermal behavior.

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