scholarly journals Summary of SFRP-IRPA workshops on the reasonableness in the practical implementation of the ALARA principle

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-281
Author(s):  
Jean-François Lecomte ◽  
Amber Bannon ◽  
Yann Billarand ◽  
Peter Bryant ◽  
Marie-Claire Cantone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Deliberative Process ◽  
Alara Principle ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Clear Identification

The practical implementation of the principle of optimisation of radiological protection (i.e., ALARA principle) was the subject of two workshops organised in Paris (France) in February 2017 and October 2018 at the initiative of SFRP within the framework of IRPA. The article summarizes the discussions and conclusions of these two workshops. The search for reasonableness was examined in three sectors: nuclear industry, medical practices and existing exposure situations. In all sectors, the optimisation remains a challenge and experience shows that this is implemented through a deliberative process to achieve a reasonable compromise with all informed parties. This issue was further investigated by three working groups − one for each sector – on the basis of cases studies. It emerges that, in complement to the use of classical tools such as cost-benefit analysis, the implementation of the optimisation principle implies a clear identification of the challenges to be met in order to achieve the best protection in the prevailing circumstances. These challenges may be specific to a type of exposure situation and in some cases to a given situation. The process should also well identify the relevant stakeholders and decision-makers to be involved and determine how they will be involved. A proactive process including development of awareness, empowerment and/or training may be needed. This reflexion deserves to be further developed.

scholarly journals Alternatives to groundwater abstraction as a measure to stop land subsidence: a case study of Semarang, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Beek ◽  
Bart Letitre ◽  
H. Hadiyanto ◽  
S. Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Services

The Water as Leverage project aims to lay a blueprint for urban coastal areas around the world that are facing a variety of water-related issues. The blueprint is based upon three real case studies in Bangladesh, India and Indonesia. The case of Indonesia focuses on Semarang, a city that faces issues like flooding, increased water demand, and a lack of wastewater treatment. In this report I summarise the different techniques available to tackling these issues. Along with this I provide a cost-benefit analysis to support decision makers. For a short term it is recommended to produce industrial water from (polluted) surface water as a means to offer an alternative to groundwater abstraction. On a long term it is recommended to install additional wastewater and drinking water treatment services to facilitate better hygiene and a higher quality of life.

Inclusion of Social Subsystem Issues in IT Investment Decisions

2011 ◽  
pp. 164-183
Author(s):  
Sherry D. Ryan ◽  
Michael S. Gates
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Decision Criteria ◽  
The Social

Researchers have attempted to augment the traditional cost/benefit analysis model used in the IT decision process. However, frequently social subsystem issues are inadequately considered. Survey data, collected from a U.S. sample of 200 executives, provides an empirical assessment of how these issues compare with other IT decision criteria given differing decision types. The social subsystem issues considered most important by decision makers are also identified and the manner by which they consider these issues is investigated.

Cost/Benefit Analysis

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
John E. Tropman ◽  
Karl H. Gohlke
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Style Of Thought

The techniques of cost/benefit analysis are presented in a general way in order to encourage decision-makers in the crim inal justice system to adopt a style of thought that will assist them in formulating decisional alternatives. Discussion of the promises and pitfalls of the technique addresses the question of whether the "benefits" of cost/benefit analysis are sufficient to outweigh the "costs" in its adoption. The authors contend that the technique can be quite useful to executives in their quest to manage their organizations toward the achievement of organizational goals because the technique will enable them to identify new programs worthy of experimentation, will encour age the development of an accurate information system, will en hance their ability to base programatic decisions on community and social indicatcrs, and will better equip them in their rela tionships with legislators, funding bodies, and interest groups.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of reservoir operation scenarios considering environmental flows for the lower stretch of the São Francisco River (Brazil)

RBRH ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Micol Brambilla ◽  
Andrea Sousa Fontes ◽  
Yvonilde Dantas Pinto Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Sao Francisco River ◽  
São Francisco River ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT Environmental water allocation consists in considering the environment as a licit user of water. The importance of meeting the environment’s hydric necessities to assure ecosystem protection is recognized worldwide, however their practical implementation is restricted, requiring impact assessment of the implementation towards the other water users. In this context, this article aims to evaluate the financial impacts on the hydroelectric sector considering environmental flows as reservoir release restrictions. The case study is the lower course of the São Francisco River, a region that presents a strong social and environmental degradation of great importance for Brazilian energy system. The method used to achieve this goal contemplates the construction of reservoir operation scenarios, the mathematical modeling of the water system and the cost-benefit analysis for the energy sector. The simulation points out potential conflicts between the non-consumptive uses. Assessing the cost-benefit analyses for normal and dry periods, it turns out that the first leads to total financial losses for the energy sector, while the second to payoffs, enabling agreements between Brazil’s energy generation and the implementation of environmental flows in the lower stretch of the São Francisco River.

Robotic radiosurgery for the treatment of one to three brain metastases: A pragmatic application of cost-benefit analysis using willingness to pay.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (34_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Noah Greenspoon ◽  
Waseem Sharieff ◽  
Anthony Whitton ◽  
Timothy Joseph Whelan ◽  
Jim R. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Robotic Radiosurgery ◽  
Starting Point

17 Background: With the emergence of radiosurgery as a new radiotheraputic technique, health care decision makers are required to incorporate community need, cost and patient preferences when allocating radiosurgery resources. Conventional patient utility measures would not reflect short term preferences and would therefore not inform decision makers when allocating radiosurgery treatment units. The goal of this article is to demonstrate the feasibility of cost-benefit analysis to elicit the yearly net monetary benefit of robotic radiosurgery. Methods: To calculate the yearly incremental cost of robotic radiosurgery as compared to fixed-gantry radiosurgery we used direct local cost data. We assumed a standard 10 year replacement and 5% amortization rate. Decision boards summarizing the clinical scenario of brain metastases and the difference between robotic and fixed-gantry radiosurgery in terms of immobilization, comfort and treatment time were then presented to a sample of 18 participants. Participants who preferred robotic radiosurgery were randomly assigned to either a low ($1) or high ($5) starting point taxation based willingness-to-pay algorithm. Results: The yearly incremental cost of providing robotic radiosurgery was $99,177. The mean community yearly willingness-to pay for robotic radiosurgery was $2,300,000, p=0.03. The calculated yearly net societal benefit for robotic radiosurgery was $2,200,823. Among participants who preferred robotic radiosurgery there was no evidence of starting point bias, p=0.8. Conclusions: We have shown through this pilot study that it is feasible to perform cost-benefit analysis to evaluate new technologies in Radiation Oncology. Cost-benefit analysis offers an analytic method to evaluate local preferences and provide accountability when allocating limited healthcare resources.

Efficient Alternatives in the Adoption of Software for Public Companies

2012 ◽  
pp. 318-331
Author(s):  
Carmen de Pablos Heredero ◽  
David López Berzosa
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public Companies ◽  
Integral Systems ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Software Standards

Public Administrations are seeking more efficient alternatives for the use of information and communication technologies in terms of a cost-benefit analysis. Open source standards can offer them rational alternatives. Up to this moment one can find some good experiences in the implementation of open source software in Public Administrations worldwide. This study offers the results of research where a group of eighteen Public Administration experiences of integral systems migration to open software standards have been analyzed. Public Administrations perceive improvements in the way they offer services, a reduction of the costs, and better secured information systems. The authors think this analysis can be of value for IT decision makers at Public Administrations.

scholarly journals A case study of cost‐benefit analysis in occupational radiological protection within the healthcare system of Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Andreas Engström ◽  
Mats Isaksson ◽  
Reza Javid ◽  
Charlotta Lundh ◽  
Magnus Båth
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Benefit Analysis

scholarly journals The costs and benefits of environmental sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ekins ◽  
Dimitri Zenghelis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Path Dependent ◽  
Development Paths

AbstractThe natural science in GEO-6 makes clear that a range and variety of unwelcome outcomes for humanity, with potentially very significant impacts for human health, become increasingly likely if societies maintain their current development paths. This paper assesses what is known about the likely economic implications of either current trends or the transformation to a low-carbon and resource-efficient economy in the years to 2050 for which GEO-6 calls. A key conclusion is that no conventional cost–benefit analysis for either scenario is possible. This is because the final cost of meeting various decarbonisation and resource-management pathways depends on decisions made today in changing behaviour and generating innovation. The inadequacies of conventional modelling approaches generally lead to understating the risks from unmitigated climate change and overstating the costs of a low-carbon transition, by missing out the cumulative gains from path-dependent innovation. This leads to a flawed conclusion as to how to respond to the climate emergency, namely that significant reductions in emissions are prohibitively expensive and, therefore, to be avoided until new, cost-effective technologies are developed. We argue that this is inconsistent with the evidence and counterproductive in serving to delay decarbonisation efforts, thereby increasing its costs. Understanding the processes which drive innovation, change social norms and avoid locking in to carbon- and resource-intensive technologies, infrastructure and behaviours, will help decision makers as they ponder how to respond to the increasingly stark warnings of natural scientists about the deteriorating condition of the natural environment.

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