scholarly journals Alternatives to groundwater abstraction as a measure to stop land subsidence: a case study of Semarang, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Beek ◽  
Bart Letitre ◽  
H. Hadiyanto ◽  
S. Sudarno
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Treatment Services

The Water as Leverage project aims to lay a blueprint for urban coastal areas around the world that are facing a variety of water-related issues. The blueprint is based upon three real case studies in Bangladesh, India and Indonesia. The case of Indonesia focuses on Semarang, a city that faces issues like flooding, increased water demand, and a lack of wastewater treatment. In this report I summarise the different techniques available to tackling these issues. Along with this I provide a cost-benefit analysis to support decision makers. For a short term it is recommended to produce industrial water from (polluted) surface water as a means to offer an alternative to groundwater abstraction. On a long term it is recommended to install additional wastewater and drinking water treatment services to facilitate better hygiene and a higher quality of life.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of a staff recreation centre project: build or lease? – A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Monica Singhania
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Community Centre

This case study aims at comprehensively assessing a decision by XYZ Ltd (name withheld due to confidentiality), New Delhi, on whether to build or to lease a recreation centre for its rank-and-file employees. Based on a cost–benefit analysis, we concluded that the centre should be built since the company would recover its investment within 11 years. Apart from the financial considerations, the recreation centre could be considered a long-term investment in employee morale, as it would lead to a better quality of life for the staff and their families, and is likely to enhance their sense of belonging and improve productivity. To date, what little space there is available for hosting family functions is reserved for the use of the officers, and only officers and their families are invited to most company functions. Thus, the other employees feel neglected by the management. Hiring a community centre external to the organisation for a function would involve spending a lot of money as the company is located in a prime real estate area where the cost of land and rentals is huge, and sometimes even availability is an issue. Most of the staff cannot afford such places and are generally under a lot of stress whenever they have a family function. This, in turn, tends to affect their productivity. 

scholarly journals Low Polluting Building Materials and Ventilation for Good Air Quality in Residential Buildings: A Cost–Benefit Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Babich ◽  
Ingrid Demanega ◽  
Francesca Avella ◽  
Annamaria Belleri
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Ventilation Rates

Nowadays, people spend an average of 87% of their time inside buildings, and about 69% at home. Hence, it is essential to ensure the highest possible level of indoor air quality (IAQ). Providing that the quality of the outdoor air is acceptable, the IAQ level is improved by increasing the ventilation rates. However, this means that a larger volume of air must be cooled down or warmed up to ensure the same level of thermal comfort. The aim of this study was to conduct a cost–benefit analysis of the IAQ in residential buildings. A case-study building was defined, and three sets of materials with different pollution emission levels were chosen: High, low, and very low. For each option, the ventilation rates required to have the same IAQ level were calculated, and the consequent energy consumption and costs were estimated by means of dynamic thermal simulation. The results show the range of the initial capital cost that could be compensated for by lower running costs, and the effect of each energy and economic input assumption on the appraisal of the affordable capital cost. In the discussion, insights into the IAQ co-benefits are also given.

World Bank Education Policy: Market Liberalism Meets Ideological Conservatism

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Puiggrós
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strategic Investment ◽  
Market Liberalism

Neoliberalism does not consider education a strategic investment. World Bank discourse for Latin America lacks a medium- and long-term view and is based on a short-term cost-benefit analysis. The Bank's education policy is determined by “adjustment” of countries' economies so that they can go on paying their external debts. The goal is to eliminate educational expenses for the states by keeping education for elites, breaking up and privatizing the large public education systems, and nullifying teachers' contracts. To justify its policy, the Bank argues that governments should stop financing secondary and higher education and instead focus on primary education, where investments would be more efficient. But at the same time, governments should shift the financing of primary education to the private sector. Teachers' unions are now at the forefront of opposition to the World Bank's education reforms.

scholarly journals "Let's get back to normal!" COVID-19 and the logic of cure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berghs
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Global North ◽  
Anthropological Literature

The COVID-19 pandemic has inversed certainties of absolutes of cure in everyday life but paradoxically this has occurred during a time when novel scientific advancements seem to herald a new frontier of cures for rare diseases, chronic conditions, disabilities and viruses that were previously incurable. In this paper, I illustrate the development of a logic of cure by first of all noting a lacuna in the medical sociological and anthropological literature, where although a lot of empirical research and theoretical work to understand cure has been undertaken, there has been no sociology or anthropology of cure. Using three case studies, I examine what they reveal about the logic of cure. Firstly, I argue that there is a development of a bioethics of cure in reactions of disability community and disabled people to care as cure during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second case-study focuses on understanding limitations of vaccines and how people react against such indeterminancies of loss of absolutes of cure. Lastly, the final case study describes how while there are cures, for example, for rare genetic conditions, they are often curated with long-term cost-benefit analysis for Global North. In conclusion, it is found that many of the developments within sociology and anthropology are missing from a logic of cure and that new theory of cure has to develop.

Sectarian Triangles: Salafis, the Shi‘a, and the Politics of Religious Affiliations in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Alexander Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Sectarian Conflict

Abstract “Sectarianization”—the political instrumentalization of sectarian identities—is a profitable strategy for many state and non-state actors. This paper presents a theory of sectarianization, as well as an accompanying typology. The paper does not seek to explain the causes of sectarian conflict; rather, the paper examines how third parties respond to exogenous instances of such conflict. The paper argues that third parties face incentives to cultivate strategic ambiguity about their own stances, especially amid significant religious and political competition. In such competitive environments, third parties appear to take stances based on the interaction among three factors: first, a short-term cost-benefit analysis of whether to take sides and if so, how far to align with either of the main two sectarian actors; second, pre-existing relationships between the third party and the two main sectarian actors; and third, a desire to maintain long-term credibility with the broadest audience possible.

scholarly journals Valuing Impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Jensen ◽  
Christopher Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Policy Alternatives ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Costbenefit Analysis

Policymaking involves trade-offs to ensure the best possible use of limited resources. Identifying and measuring the impacts – for example, health gains – of different policy alternatives helps decision makers with these trade-offs, and is a key component of policy analysis. The New Zealand Treasury’s approach to cost-benefit analysis includes CBAx, which is a toolkit for estimating the societal value of alternative policy options. A 2018 review showed increased quality of costbenefit analysis in budget proposals following the introduction of CBAx. In this article, we provide some context to CBAx developments and share insights from agencies’ practical experiences. We focus on the perspective of policy advisors using CBAx to undertake cost-benefit analysis, and touch on the application of the results to decision making. We conclude by outlining potential developments and inviting colleagues to make use of the CBAx toolkit to enhance cost-benefit analysis practices to better value policy impacts for New Zealanders.

Prophylaxis in people with haemophilia

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (04) ◽  
pp. 674-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Franchini ◽  
Annarita Tagliaferri ◽  
Antonio Coppola
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Severe Haemophilia ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Long Term Treatment

SummaryA four-decade clinical experience and recent evidence from randomised controlled studies definitively recognised primary prophylaxis, i.e. the regular infusion of factor concentrates started after the first haemarthrosis and/or before the age of two years, as the first-choice treatment in children with severe haemophilia. The available data clearly show that preventing bleeding since an early age enables to avoid or reduce the clinical impact of muscle-skeletal impairment from haemophilic arthropathy and the related consequences in psycho-social development and quality of life of these patients. In this respect, the aim of secondary prophylaxis, defined as regular long-term treatment started after the age of two years or after two or more joint bleeds, is to avoid (or delay) the progression of arthropathy. The clinical benefits of secondary prophylaxis have been less extensively studied, especially in adolescents and adults; also in the latter better outcomes and quality of life for earlier treatment have been reported. This review summarises evidence from literature and current clinical strategies for prophylactic treatment in patients with severe haemophilia, also focusing on challenges and open issues (optimal regimen and implementation, duration of treatment, long-term adherence and outcomes, cost-benefit ratios) in this setting.

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